Motivation Strategy in EFL

Motivation is one of the leading factors which can affect learners learning foreign languages, it has been observed by researchers for a long time. Since 1990s, the study of motivation puts more attention on the combination between the main motivation theories and the practical school study situation. If learners’ motivation can be cultivated, it can accelerate other factors to promote learners’ ability. Key Words: motivation,theory review,strategy study Résumé La motivation est un des facteurs cruciaux qui peuvent influencer les apprennants des langues étrangères, ce qui a été observé par les chercheurs pour longtemps. Depuis les années 90 du 20e siècle, l’étude de la motivation prête plus d’attention à la combinaison entre les théories de mativation et la situation d’apprentissage dans les écoles de pratique. Si la motivation des apprenants peut être cultivée, elle peut aussi accélérer d’autres facteurs pour promouvoir la compétence des apprenants. Mots-clés : motivation, revue de théorie, étude de la stratégie 摘 要 學習動機是影響學生外語學習的主要因素之一，長期以來受到外語學習研究者的廣泛關注。進入二十世紀九十年代以來，外語學習動機研究更注重將動機理論與學校外語教育情景相結合。通過激發學習者英語學習動機，以動機教育促進其他因素的發展，能更好地促進學生的英語學習。 關鍵詞：學習動機；理論回顧；策略研

NOVEL SOLUTION PROCESSABLE ACCEPTORS FOR ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS

The field of organic electronics has become an increasingly important field of research in recent years. Organic based semiconductors have the potential for creating inexpensive, solution processed devices on flexible substrates. Some of the applications of organic semiconductors include organic field effect transistors, organic light emitting diodes and organic photovoltaics. Functionalized pentacenes have been proven to be viable donor materials for use in organic photovoltaic devices. The goal of this research is to synthesize and test the viability of novel electron deficient pentacenes and pentacene based materials as acceptors to be used as drop-in replacements for PCBM in bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells. Our goal was to tune and improve the efficiencies of these solar cells in a two pronged approach. First we tuned the open circuit voltage of these devices by determining the optimal energy levels of these acceptors by varying the number of electron withdrawing substituents on the acene core. We also tuned the short circuit current by chemically altering the solid state packing and optimizing device processing conditions. A preliminary structure-property relationship of these small molecule acceptors and photovoltaic device efficiency was established as a result

Wong Phui Nam: A Critical Biography

"Wong Phui Nam: A Critical Biography" is a study of a Chinese Malaysian poet who has produced a significant body of works in the English language. In literature, the biographical approach is well accepted for the study of poets and works of poetry. In fact, it has long been proven effective as a useful and thorough method and is able to provide important and interesting details for a better understanding of a poet and his or her works. Wong Phui Nam has been writing poetry from his base in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia for almost half a century. A Peranakan by birth but brought up as a Cantonese. Wong was first educated in Chinese and later in English. Wong's poetry, which is c1osely linked to his personal thoughts and experiences, is best studied in the light of his interesting life. He started writing in the mid-fifties, just before the country achieved independence and has not stopped producing poetry through the years. He published his latest book of poetry in 2000. Wong's writings belong to the field of Malaysian literature in English, where there is a lack of supplementary material due to its short history in the country and secondary position where language policies are concerned. As such, this critical biography of Wong Phui Nam would contribute in some manner to this select field. This is because Wong' s four books of poems and various articles on local poetry form an important part of Malaysian literature in English. He has been on the scene of this field since the early stages of the formation of a body of works known as Malaysian literature in English and is one of the few writers from the fifties still producing poetry into the new millennium. Most of the data in this study is obtained from personal interviews and talks given by Wong and his contemporaries. Critical essays by him and articles on him and his works are also studied for a more complete understanding of this man, who is also a poet. This study focuses on how Wong's life has impacted his poetry in a significant and perceptible manner. It shows how he draws inspiration and ideas from his surroundings and how events in his life influence his writings to a great extent. In taking a close look at Wong Phui Nam's life and works, this critical biography helps readers come to a better understanding and a deeper enjoyment of his poetry, which mostly describes a landscape familiar to him and people close to his heart

A Study on CRM Implementation in Chinese Commercial Banks

The paper first presents the theory of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) under E-commerce circumstances. It then focuses on the motives and obstructions in implementing CRM in Chinese commercial banks. Further, the paper puts forward a trial solution to these specific problems to be a solving aid to Chinese commercial banks under Customer Relationship Management

On Higher Derivative Couplings in Theories with Sixteen Supersymmetries

We give simple arguments for new non-renormalization theorems on higher derivative couplings of gauge theories to supergravity, with sixteen supersymmetries, by considerations of brane-bulk superamplitudes. This leads to some exact results on the effective coupling of D3-branes in type IIB string theory. We also derive exact results on higher dimensional operators in the torus compactification of the six dimensional (0, 2) superconformal theory.Comment: 31 pages, 10 figures, section 2 reconstructured, new result in section 3.2, additional clarifications adde

(2,2) Superconformal Bootstrap in Two Dimensions

We find a simple relation between two-dimensional BPS N=2 superconformal blocks and bosonic Virasoro conformal blocks, which allows us to analyze the crossing equations for BPS 4-point functions in unitary (2,2) superconformal theories numerically with semidefinite programming. We constrain gaps in the non-BPS spectrum through the operator product expansion of BPS operators, in ways that depend on the moduli of exactly marginal deformations through chiral ring coefficients. In some cases, our bounds on the spectral gaps are observed to be saturated by free theories, by N=2 Liouville theory, and by certain Landau-Ginzburg models.Comment: 56 pages, 14 figure

Supersymmetry Constraints and String Theory on K3

We study supervertices in six dimensional (2,0) supergravity theories, and derive supersymmetry non-renormalization conditions on the 4- and 6-derivative four-point couplings of tensor multiplets. As an application, we obtain exact non-perturbative results of such effective couplings in type IIB string theory compactified on K3 surface, extending previous work on type II/heterotic duality. The weak coupling limit thereof, in particular, gives certain integrated four-point functions of half-BPS operators in the nonlinear sigma model on K3 surface, that depend nontrivially on the moduli, and capture worldsheet instanton contributions.Comment: 47 pages, 4 figure