Total body irradiation in a case of thalassemia major with source to axis distance based planning: A case report

Background: The use of total body radiation (TBI) before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) would increase the engraftment without transplant-related morbidity or mortality among Thalassemia major (TM) cases. Case presentation: A 2-year-old female child, diagnosed with TM was scheduled for haploidentical allogenic transplant-based protocol, and after that, based on protocol she was scheduled to undergo a single session of TBI as a conditioning regimen before haploidentical allogenic hematopoietic stem cell tranplant. A total dose of 4 Gy was administered.. The incidence of graft failure was reduced as TBI was used before allogeneic stem cell transplantation. TBI provided a uniform dose of radiation to the entire body, penetrating areas such as the central nervous system (CNS) and testes. Conclusion: Total Body Irradiation with the SAD technique is the most effective way of treatment. As it is comfortable for the patient to undergo, easily reproducible, and it helps to achieve a uniform dose distribution

Total body irradiation in a case of thalassemia major with source to axis distance based planning: A case report

Background: The use of total body radiation (TBI) before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) would increase the engraftment without transplant-related morbidity or mortality among Thalassemia major (TM) cases. Case presentation: A 2-year-old female child, diagnosed with TM was scheduled for haploidentical allogenic transplant-based protocol, and after that, based on protocol she was scheduled to undergo a single session of TBI as a conditioning regimen before haploidentical allogenic hematopoietic stem cell tranplant. A total dose of 4 Gy was administered.. The incidence of graft failure was reduced as TBI was used before allogeneic stem cell transplantation. TBI provided a uniform dose of radiation to the entire body, penetrating areas such as the central nervous system (CNS) and testes. Conclusion: Total Body Irradiation with the SAD technique is the most effective way of treatment. As it is comfortable for the patient to undergo, easily reproducible, and it helps to achieve a uniform dose distribution

Maternal and Fetal Outcome in Elective versus Emergency Cesarean Section

Introduction: The complications of cesarean section are seen more commonly in emergency than in elective cases. The aim of this study was to find out the incidence of cesarean section in Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital and to compare the maternal and fetal outcome in elective and emergency cesarean section. 
 Methods: A prospective study of all the cases undergoing cesarean section in Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital was carried out during the period of six months from Asar 2069 to Mangsir 2069. 
 Results: The incidence of cesarean section was 254 (22.30%) out of which emergency cesarean section accounted for 167 (65.7%) and elective cesarean section for 87 (34.3%). The usual indications of emergency cesarean section were fetal distress, previous cesarean section in labour, non progress of labour and prolonged second stage of labour. The usual indications of elective cesarean section were previous cesarean section, breech, cephalopelvic disproportion and cesarean section on demand. There was found to be no significant difference in age, period of gestation, blood loss and blood transfusion in emergency vs. elective cesarean section. There was significant difference seen in the length of hospital stay, fever, urinary tract infection, wound infection and low APGAR in five minutes indicating that these were more common in emergency cesarean section. Significant difference was also seen in the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage indicating that it was seen more in elective cesarean section. 
 Conclusions: The incidence of cesarean section in Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital is high and the overall complication rate is higher in emergency cesarean section than in elective cesarean section. Keywords: cesarean section; fetal and maternal outcome

Advancements in Drone Technology for Fruit Crop Management: A Comprehensive Review

Drones, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), equipped with advanced sensors and imaging capabilities, have revolutionized the way farmers monitor and manage fruit crops. Aerial surveillance enables high-resolution imaging of orchards and vineyards, allowing for early detection of diseases, pests, and other stress factors that can impact crop health. The data collected by drones facilitate precise and targeted interventions, optimizing resource use and enhancing overall crop productivity. Additionally, drones contribute to yield estimation, canopy management, and post-harvest monitoring. While the technology offers significant advantages, challenges such as payload limitations, weather sensitivity, and regulatory compliance must be addressed. Ongoing research and technological advancements are expected to overcome these limitations, further establishing drones as indispensable tools for sustainable and efficient fruit crop management. This review consolidates current knowledge, highlights emerging trends, and outlines future prospects for the integration of drone technology in fruit agriculture

Magnesium taurate attenuates progression of hypertension and cardiotoxicity against cadmium chloride-induced hypertensive albino rats

The present study was designed to evaluate the antihypertensive activity and cardioprotective effects of magnesium taurate against cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-intoxicated albino rats. Sprague Dawley male albino rats (120–150 g) were divided into five groups having six animals in each group. Hypertension and cardiotoxicity were induced in animals by administration of CdCl2 (0.5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for four weeks. Magnesium taurate (2 and 4 mg/kg/day) was administered orally after induction of hypertension (after two weeks) in their respective groups concurrently with CdCl2 for next two weeks. Amlodipine (3 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was used as a standard and administered after induction of hypertension. Blood pressure was monitored biweekly by using non-invasive blood pressure system and biochemical parameters and histopathology of the heart were evaluated after four weeks of the experimental protocol. During the four weeks of the experimental protocol, the toxic control group showed significant elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure concomitant with augmentation of cardiotoxicity as indicated by reduction in myocardial antioxidants including glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and increased malondialdehyde level in heart as compared to the normal group. The oral administrations of magnesium taurate significantly restored the blood pressure, myocardial antioxidants and malondialdehyde level as compared to toxic control group. In addition, histopathological examination showed that magnesium taurate treatments substantially reduced the myocardial damages against CdCl2 treatment. The results suggest that magnesium taurate has prominent antihypertensive and cardioprotective activity via its potent antioxidant activity and can be used as a nutrition supplement to improve the cardiovascular health. Keywords: Magnesium taurate, Hypertension, Cardiotoxicity, Cadmium chloride, Amlodipin

Finish hard turning: A review of minimum quantity lubrication using paraffin-based nanofluids

A wide range of cooling techniques for hard turning machining continues to be proposed and assessed. In this review, the overall characteristics of cutting tools and stainless steel materials were reviewed in terms of vibration, surface roughness, cutting force, and tool life while using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) with paraffin-based nanofluids. Nanoparticles are particularly appealing in MQL due to its remarkable improvement in the cutting conditions. Under aggressive machining conditions, the lubricant media tends to evaporate or disintegrate when in contact with the cutting tool. With the addition of high thermal conductivity nanoparticle additives as cutting fluid, the performance of the MQL technique has improved remarkably. This review exposed that a few work has used MQL with nanofluid when machining martensitic stainless steel AISI 420 using TiAlN-coated carbide cutting tool. Furthermore, the application of MQL via paraffin oil, ?-Fe2O3, and xGnP nanofluid when machining hardened stainless steel using coated carbide cutting tools has not yet been examined