Residual influence of organic materials, crop residues, and biofertilizers on performance of succeeding mung bean in an organic rice-based cropping system

The present investigation was undertaken to assess the residual influence of organic materials and biofertilizers applied to rice and wheat on yield, nutrient status, and economics of succeeding mung bean in an organic cropping system. The field experiments were carried out on the research farm of IARI, New Delhi during crop cycles of 2006 to 2007 and 2007 to 2008 to study the effects of residual organic manures, crop residues, and biofertilizers applied to rice and wheat on the performance of succeeding mung bean. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of six combinations of different residual organic materials, and biofertilizers included residual farmyard manure (FYM) and vermicompost (VC) applied on nitrogen basis at 60 kg ha-1 to each rice and wheat crops, FYM + wheat and rice residues at 6 t ha-1 and mung bean residue at 3 t ha-1 in succeeding crops (CR), VC + CR, FYM + CR + biofertilizers (B), VC + CR + B, and control (no fertilizer applied). For biofertilizers, cellulolytic culture, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and Rhizobium applied in mung bean. Results Incorporation of crop residue significantly increased the grain yield of mung bean over residual of FYM and VC by 25.5% and 26.5%, respectively. The combinations of FYM + CR + B and VC + RR + B resulted in the highest increase growth and yield attributing characters of mung bean and increased grain yield of mung bean over the control by 47% and net return by 27%. Conclusions The present study thus indicate that a combination of FYM + CR + B and VC + CR + B were economical for the nutrient need of mung bean in organic farming of rice-based cropping system

DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID SELF MICRO-EMULSIFYING OSMOTIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR ISRADIPINE

Objective: The objective of the study was to design and develop self-microemulsifying osmotic pump tablet Isradipine, a BCS Class IV antihypertensive agent for improved solubility and obtain controlled release characteristics. Material & Methods: Methodology for undertaken project involved pre-formulation studies, comprising of analytical method adoption and drug: excipient compatibility studies. Further steps involve formulation and characterization of liquid SMEDDS of Isradipine. Developed SMEDDS was incorporated into selected adsorbent and compressed with osmotic agents, a binder and lubricant into tablet. Tablets were film coated with semi-permeable membrane and drilled with orifice. Final formulation was optimized for various formulation components and evaluated on various dimensions, among dissolution profiling and stability studies. Results and Discussion: Solubility studies in oils, surfactants and co-surfactants were carried out and SMEDDS formulation was finalized as Isradipine (11.63%), Gelucire 50/13 (34.88%), Lutrol F127 (30.23%) and Transcutol P (23.26%). Neusilin US 2 was selected as adsorbent in 1:1 ratio based on excellent adsorption and huge surface area. Final optimized formulation of tablet comprises of core tablet and functional coatings of cellulose acetate (60%) and PEG 400 (40%) with 5% film coating build up. Developed formulation was optimized for various formulation components and evaluated for release kinetics and accelerated stability study. Conclusion: The developed novel SME-OPT of Isradipine will be a promising template for formulating controlled release dosage form of BCS Class II and IV bioactive agents. The technology used for the preparation of SME-OPT is relatively simple manufacturing technology which can be easily adopted in industrial units on a commercial scale

REVIEW OF RECENT STUDIES ON STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION IN DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES

Statistical modeling and experimental design are essential tools in field of drug delivery during product development and can be divided into formula and process optimization. Experimental design allows efficient experimentation in which all or a large subset of factors are together varied over a set of experiments, in contrast to the traditional approach of varying only one variable at time (OVAT). Good estimates for the required composition, geometry, dimensions and preparation procedure of various types of delivery systems will be available, taking into account the desired administration route, drug dose and release profile. Thus, the number of required experimental studies during product development can be significantly reduced, saving time and reducing costs. The present review discusses types of designs and methodologies used recently in academic as well as industrial research for optimization of novel drug delivery systems

Study on heterogeneous traffic flow characteristics of a two-lane road / Heterogeninio transporto eismo srauto charakteristikos dviejų juostų kelyje / Характеристики гетерогенного потока движения на двухполосной дороге

The paper presents traffic studies conducted by using a video capturing technique on the uninterrupted heterogeneous mix of vehicles plying on an undivided two-lane road facility. On the basis of the collected data, traffic characteristics pertaining to arrival, headway and speed distributions have been plotted considering suitable mathematical distributions to fit field observed values. The curves representing fundamental traffic flow relationships among three basic variables, namely speed, density and flow have also been established. Thus, a systematic attempt to enable the understanding of heterogeneous traffic flow parameters has been made through this exploratory study. Santrauka Remiantis vaizdo technika gautais duomenimis, straipsnyje tyrinėjami nenutrūkstami įvairių transporto priemonių srautai dviejų juostų vientisame kelyje. Darbe pateikiamas eismo srauto charakteristikų, susijusių su atvykimu, judėjimu į priekį ir greičio pasiskirstymu, planas, atsižvelgiant į tinkamą matematinį planavimą, sėkmingai derinamą su jau stebėtomis reikšmėmis. Pateiktos fundamentalios transporto eismo srauto grafinės priklausomybės nuo trijų pagrindinių kintamųjų – greičio, tankio ir srauto. Sistemingas tyrimas leidžia geriau suprasti heterogeninio (įvairiarūšio) transporto eismo srauto parametrus. Резюме Исследуется непрерывное движение различных транспортных средств в потоке на двухполосной дороге с использованием данных, полученных с помощью видеотехники. Представлен план характери стик потока движения с учетом прибытия, движения вперед и распределения скорости. Математический эксперимент удачно сочетается с уже имеющимися значениями. Представлены фундаментальные графические зависимости потока движения от трех основных переменных – скорости, плотности и потока. Системное исследование позволит лучше понять параметры гетерогенного потока движения транспорта. Reikšminiai žodžiai: transportas, heterogeninis eismo srautas, srauto parametrai, eismo charakteristikos, chi-kvadrato testas, regresinė analizė Ключевые слова: транспорт, гетерогенный поток движения, параметры потока, характеристики потока, регрессионный анализ, тест хи-квадра

An open source framework for GTFS data analytics : Case study using the Brisbane TransLink network

This paper presents an open source framework with key logic units design to assist with the acquisition, elaboration, storage and visualization of General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) real-time data. It bridges the gap for researchers and planners wanting access to GTFS real time through providing the resources to understand and begin extracting GTFS data. To showcase the applicability, the framework is applied on the real data from Translink, Brisbane, Australia and the extracted data is utilised for performance measures and dashboard visualization. The codes are open sourced and are available at https://github.com/darronlim/GTFS_LiveFeed_Extraction

Relatório de doutorado de 2013

<p>Meu relatório anual das atividades realizadas durante 03/2012 a 02/2013 no doutorado em astronomia do Observatório Nacional.</p

Comparative analysis of travel time prediction algorithms for urban arterials using Wi-Fi Sensor Data

Travel time is one of the elementary traffic stream parameters in both users’ and transport planners’ perspective. Conventional travel time estimation methods have performed out of sorts for Indian urban traffic conditions characterized by heterogeneity in transport modes and lack of lane discipline. Robust to these limitations, Media Access Control (MAC) matching is perceived to be a reliable alternative for travel time estimation. To assist with real-time traffic control strategies, this study aims at developing a reliable structure for forecasting travel time on Indian urban arterials using data from Wi-Fi/ Bluetooth sensors. The data collected on an urban arterial in Chennai has been used as a case study to explain the value of such data and to explore its applicability in implementing various prediction models. To this end, this study examines and compares three different machine learning algorithms k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN), Random Forest (RDF), Naive Bayes, and Kalman filtering technique for prediction. The performance of each model is evaluated to understand its suitability