Rapid spontaneous resolution of traumatic acute subdural hematoma: A case series and review of literature

Introduction: Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is the most common type of traumatic intra -cranial hematoma accounting for 24% cases of severe head injuries and caries highest mortality. The mortality rates are seen to be ranging from 40% to 90%, diagnosed on computed tomography (CT) as extra axial, hyperdense, crescent lesion between the Dura and brain parenchyma1. Acute SDH is an acute space occupying lesion to increase intracranial pressure (ICP), and is often complicated by co-existing intracranial lesions, including a variety of diffuse injuries, contusional hematomas, and edema. Acute subdural post-traumatic hematoma’s (SDH) continue to have a distressingly high morbidity and mortality.2 Clinical factors like presenting GCS, Pupils, time to operative interval, Hemodynamics and co-morbidities, plays a critical role in overall outcome from acute subdural hematoma.3Careful monitoring of the neurological status is mandatory even for selected acute SDH patients with intact consciousness and no brain shift because of the possibility of the unexpected worsening. Spontaneous resolution of an acute SDH has been reported in rare cases. We report a case series of spontaneous rapid reduction of acute SDH, also we discuss the prognosis of each patient according to a Clinicoradiological Prognostic Score developed by Gautam and Sharma3 as well as mechanisms related to the rapid resolution of acute SDH

On the Multilinear Complexity of Associative Algebras

Christandl and Zuiddam [Matthias Christandl and Jeroen Zuiddam, 2019] study the multilinear complexity of d-fold matrix multiplication in the context of quantum communication complexity. Bshouty [Nader H. Bshouty, 2013] investigates the multilinear complexity of d-fold multiplication in commutative algebras to understand the size of so-called testers. The study of bilinear complexity is a classical topic in algebraic complexity theory, starting with the work by Strassen. However, there has been no systematic study of the multilinear complexity of multilinear maps. In the present work, we systematically investigate the multilinear complexity of d-fold multiplication in arbitrary associative algebras. We prove a multilinear generalization of the famous Alder-Strassen theorem, which is a lower bound for the bilinear complexity of the (2-fold) multiplication in an associative algebra. We show that the multilinear complexity of the d-fold multiplication has a lower bound of d ? dim A - (d-1)t, where t is the number of maximal twosided ideals in A. This is optimal in the sense that there are algebras for which this lower bound is tight. Furthermore, we prove the following dichotomy that the quotient algebra A/rad A determines the complexity of the d-fold multiplication in A: When the semisimple algebra A/rad A is commutative, then the multilinear complexity of the d-fold multiplication in A is polynomial in d. On the other hand, when A/rad A is noncommutative, then the multilinear complexity of the d-fold multiplication in A is exponential in d

Semantically Invariant Text-to-Image Generation

Image captioning has demonstrated models that are capable of generating plausible text given input images or videos. Further, recent work in image generation has shown significant improvements in image quality when text is used as a prior. Our work ties these concepts together by creating an architecture that can enable bidirectional generation of images and text. We call this network Multi-Modal Vector Representation (MMVR). Along with MMVR, we propose two improvements to the text conditioned image generation. Firstly, a n-gram metric based cost function is introduced that generalizes the caption with respect to the image. Secondly, multiple semantically similar sentences are shown to help in generating better images. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrate that MMVR improves upon existing text conditioned image generation results by over 20%, while integrating visual and text modalities.Comment: 5 papers, 5 figures, Published in 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in scrub typhus infection: A rare presentation

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile infectious illness caused by Rickettsia species Orientia tsutsugamushi. Scrub typhus has diverse clinical manifestations ranging from a non-specific febrile illness to severe multiorgan dysfunction. A spectrum of neurological complications in scrub typhus includes aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, cerebellitis, myelitis, cerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral infarction. This report describes the case of a scrub typhus with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, an unreported complication of scrub typhus to the best of our knowledge

The Magician’s Choice: Providing illusory choice and sense of agency with the Equivoque forcing technique

Forcing techniques allow magicians to subtly influence spectators’ choices and the outcome of their actions, and they provide powerful tools to study decision-making and the illusory sense of agency and freedom over choices we make. We investigate the Equivoque force, a technique that exploits semantic ambiguities and people’s failure to notice inconsistencies, to ensure that a spectator ends up with a pre-determined outcome. Similarly to choice blindness paradigms, the Equivoque forces participants to end up with an item they did not choose in the first place. However, here, the subterfuge is accomplished in full view. In three experiments, we showed that the Equivoque is highly effective in providing participants an illusory sense of agency over the outcome of their actions, even after two repetitions of the trick (experiment 2), and using items for which pre-existing preferences can be present (experiment 3). Across all experiments, participants were oblivious to inconsistencies in the procedure used to guide their decisions, and they were genuinely surprised by the experimenter’s matching prediction. Contrary to our prediction, the Equivoque force did not significantly change participants’ preference for the chosen item. We discuss the results with regards to other illusions of agency (e.g. forcing, choice blindness), failures in noticing semantic inconsistencies (e.g Moses illusion), and issues surrounding choice-induced-preference literature

Design Inspiration for Motivating Uncertainty in Games using Stage Magic Principles

Uncertainty is widely acknowledged as an engaging player experience. Practice and research have proposed various types of game uncertainty, yet there is little work explaining when and why they motivate, especially with respect to ‘micro-level’, moment-to-moment gameplay. Moreover, there is little insight into designing for motivating uncertainty in games. In response, this research aims to answer (1) what constitutes motivating moment-to-moment uncertainty and (2) how to elicit it through game design, taking inspiration from stage magic. We survey player motivation, player experience and related literature in psychology, exposing underrepresentation of epistemic emotions in games. We showcase the motivating role of uncertainty in moment-to-moment gameplay, proving its link to curiosity and other epistemic emotions. We present this with a grounded theory taxonomy of seven types of engaging gameplay uncertainty emerging from three sources - game, player, and outcome. For inspiration, we survey the field of stage magic to find design principles used to elicit epistemic emotions. We identify equivoque, an important forcing technique, to create the illusion of choice and thus engaging decision uncertainty in games. We empirically test the efficacy of equivoque through three studies: (1) using playing cards; (2) in a narrative game to create decision uncertainty; (3) repeating the trick four times consecutively in an extended version of the game. Overall, our work exposes gaps in player motivation research, especially regarding empirical work on epistemic emotions in games. It provides a taxonomy of motivating uncertainty types. It establishes magic as a promising source of game design inspiration, and zeroes down on equivoque for evoking uncertainty. Furthermore, it provides empirical evidence that equivoque can be used in narrative games to elicit decision uncertainty. Finally, it provides insights into translational work between creative fields and from theory to design

A case of reading epilepsy in a patient having idiopathic generalized epilepsy

Reflex seizures are defined as epileptic events that are triggered only by specific stimuli which can be external or complex internalmental processes. Reading epilepsy is one such rare form of reflex epilepsy. In primary reading epilepsy, typical attacks are jaw jerks(clicking sensation or stammering), that may evolve into GTCS if reading continues. As reading epilepsy is task-specific, they aregenerally misdiagnosed as non-epileptic and thought to be due to stress related to studies. We report the case of a young male whohave jaw jerks along with blank staring spells while reading which was misdiagnosed as pseudoseizures. This rare case highlights thiseasily treatable benign reflex epilepsy syndrome

Pre-Clinical and Clinical Pharmacology of 17alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC): An Agent for the Prevention of Preterm Birth.

Preterm birth (PTB), birth prior to 37 weeks of gestational age, is a major cause of early childhood mortality and morbidity in the United States. 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) has recently been documented to reduce the incidence of preterm birth. A complete understanding of the pharmacokinetics of 17-OHPC will help in improving clinical outcome. The goal of this dissertation research was to evaluate the preclinical and clinical pharmacology of 17-OHPC in order to optimize the use of this drug in preventing preterm birth.Studies in human liver microsomes and human hepatocytes indicate that 17-OHPC is metabolized by CYP3A. Significant transplacental transfer of 17-OHPC (cord blood to maternal plasma ratio of 0.3) has been observed in pregnant subjects. Studies were performed in fetal hepatocytes to evaluate the metabolism of 17-OHPC. Fetal hepatocytes demonstrate the ability of human fetal liver to metabolize 17-OHPC to fetal specific metabolites, with oxidation being the major metabolic pathway. Further, 17-OHPC and/or its metabolites inhibit bile salt transport in both adult and fetal hepatocytes. To understand the clinical pharmacology of 17-OHPC, pregnant women who received 17-OHPC for clinical reasons were studied and blood samples collected periodically. Wide-interindividual variation was observed in the pharmacokinetics of 17-OHPC in pregnant subjects. The half life of 17-OHPC was 9 days and plasma concentrations of 17-OHPC did not achieve steady state. The race and body mass index of the pregnant subjects affect the plasma levels of 17-OHPC. In conclusion, since CYP3A is involved in the oxidative metabolism of numerous commonly used drugs; 17-OHPC may be involved in clinically relevant metabolic drug interactions with co-administered CYP3A inhibitors or inducers. Since 17-OHPC crosses the placental barrier and reaches the fetus, use of higher doses of 17-OHPC should be approached with caution. The clinical effectiveness of 17-OHPC in preventing preterm birth has been observed in only 33% of the patients. Given the wide interindividual variability, modification of the starting dose based on BMI and race alongwith monitoring of plasma levels and adjustment of subsequent doses accordingly may be needed to improve therapeutic outcomes in the treatment of preterm birth with 17-OHPC

Reconstructing Humpty Dumpty: Multi-feature Graph Autoencoder for Open Set Action Recognition

Most action recognition datasets and algorithms assume a closed world, where all test samples are instances of the known classes. In open set problems, test samples may be drawn from either known or unknown classes. Existing open set action recognition methods are typically based on extending closed set methods by adding post hoc analysis of classification scores or feature distances and do not capture the relations among all the video clip elements. Our approach uses the reconstruction error to determine the novelty of the video since unknown classes are harder to put back together and thus have a higher reconstruction error than videos from known classes. We refer to our solution to the open set action recognition problem as "Humpty Dumpty", due to its reconstruction abilities. Humpty Dumpty is a novel graph-based autoencoder that accounts for contextual and semantic relations among the clip pieces for improved reconstruction. A larger reconstruction error leads to an increased likelihood that the action can not be reconstructed, i.e., can not put Humpty Dumpty back together again, indicating that the action has never been seen before and is novel/unknown. Extensive experiments are performed on two publicly available action recognition datasets including HMDB-51 and UCF-101, showing the state-of-the-art performance for open set action recognition.Comment: Accepted to WACV 202