Estandarización de hojas de Feronia limonia L. por HPLC, HPTLC, parámetros fisicoquímicos e histológicos

Feronia limonia (Familia Rutaceae, subfamilia Aurantioideae), comúnmente conocida como kaitha o manzana de madera, y es extensamente usada como una ethnomedicina en India. Sus hojas son indicadas para una amplia variedad de dolencias como diarrea, desórdenes urinarios, el tratamiento de hemorroides, acidez, úlceras, tiña y otras infecciones crónicas de la piel. Sin embargo, la información científica detallada no está disponible para identificar el material de la especie y averiguar su calidad y pureza. En la presente comunicación, un análisis cualitativo de extractos de Feronia limonia (FL), se realizó por HPTLC y HPLC, lo que proporcionó información cualitativa de los componentes bioactivos presentes en los extractos. También, los caracteres anatómicos, fisico- químicos y morfológicos, junto con un examen fitoquímico y análisis de fluorescencia de la planta en polvo fueron realizados para la identificación sistémica y autentificación de las hojas. Este estudio proporciona la información de referencia para identificación y caracterización de las hojas de FL y sus extractos

A Novel Triterpenoid Isolated from the Root Bark of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb (Tree of Heaven), AECHL-1 as a Potential Anti-Cancer Agent

We report here the isolation and characterization of a new compound Ailanthus excelsa chloroform extract-1 (AECHL-1) (C(29)H(36)O(10); molecular weight 543.8) from the root bark of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. The compound possesses anti-cancer activity against a variety of cancer cell lines of different origin.AECHL-1 treatment for 12 to 48 hr inhibited cell proliferation and induced death in B16F10, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and PC3 cells with minimum growth inhibition in normal HEK 293. The antitumor effect of AECHL-1 was comparable with that of the conventional antitumor drugs paclitaxel and cisplatin. AECHL-1-induced growth inhibition was associated with S/G(2)-M arrests in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and PC3 cells and a G(1) arrest in B16F10 cells. We observed microtubule disruption in MCF-7 cells treated with AECHL-1 in vitro. Compared with control, subcutaneous injection of AECHL-1 to the sites of tumor of mouse melanoma B16F10 implanted in C57BL/6 mice and human breast cancer MCF-7 cells in athymic nude mice resulted in significant decrease in tumor volume. In B16F10 tumors, AECHL-1 at 50 microg/mouse/day dose for 15 days resulted in increased expression of tumor suppressor proteins P53/p21, reduction in the expression of the oncogene c-Myc, and downregulation of cyclin D1 and cdk4. Additionally, AECHL-1 treatment resulted in the phosphorylation of p53 at serine 15 in B16F10 tumors, which seems to exhibit p53-dependent growth inhibitory responses.The present data demonstrate the activity of a triterpenoid AECHL-1 which possess a broad spectrum of activity against cancer cells. We propose here that AECHL-1 is a futuristic anti-cancer drug whose therapeutic potential needs to be widely explored for chemotherapy against cancer

Rapid validated high performance thin layer chromatography method for simultaneous estimation of mangiferin and scopoletin in Canscora decussata (South Indian Shankhpushpi) extract

AbstractMangiferin (polyphenolic xanthone) and scopoletin (phenolic coumarin) are well-studied biological markers present in Canscora decussata(Roxb.) Roem. & Schult., Gentianaceae. The objective set for the present studies is to establish and develop a new, simple, selective, sensitive, and precise high performance thin layer chromatography method for the simultaneous estimation of mangiferin and scopoletin in hydroalcoholic extract of C. decussata. The thin layer chromatographic separation of these biomarkers was carried out on aluminum plate pre-coated with silica gel 60F254, eluted with ethyl acetate:acetic acid:formic acid:water (10:0.5:0.5:1.5). The plate was then dried and densitometric scanning was performed at 254 nm using a Camag TLC scanner III. The system was found to give compact spots for mangiferin (RF 0.22) and scopoletin (RF 0.78). A good relationship of linear precision between the concentrations (100–600 ng/spot) and peak areas was obtained with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9979 (mangiferin) and 0.9962 (scopoletin), respectively. The limits of detection and limit of quantification were determined to be 46 and 94 ng/spot for mangiferin and 31 and 78 ng/spot for scopoletin respectively. The percentage of recovery was found from 99.91 to 99.94% for mangiferin and 99.75 to 99.86% for scopoletin. Results obtained from recovery studies showed excellent reliability and reproducibility of the method. Present communication on validated high performance thin layer chromatography method may provide a new, selective, sensitive, and precise method to estimate mangiferin and scopoletin as phytomarkers in the hydroalcoholic extract of C. decussata used in Ayurvedic formulations

Pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigation of Ensete superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman pseudostem

The present study investigates preliminary pharmacognostic, phytochemical and antioxidant property of Ensete Superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman pseudostem. Macroscopical and microscopical features of the pseudostem have been documented. Presence of phytochemicals such as steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavanoids, tannins and sugar were tested by chemical tests and TLC method. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and complementary colorimetric methods (aluminum chloride method and 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method, respectively). Antioxidant was evaluated by using DPPH free radical scavenging activity, H2O2 and reducing power by FeCl3. Pharmacognostic studies revealed presence of epidermis, hypodermis, vascular bundles, phloem fibres, sclereids ground tissue and stomata. Methanol extract of pseudostem showed highest concentration of phenolics and flavonoids and it also showed significant anti-oxidant activity (P< 0.05) when compared with standard. TLC fingerprint of plant extract is useful in characterisation of plant extract for standardization

<span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;background:white;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:HI;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold" lang="EN-US">Pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigation of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal; background:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold" lang="EN-US">Ensete superbum</span></i><span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;background:white;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:HI;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold" lang="EN-US"> (Roxb.) Cheesman pseudostem</span></span>

51-58The present study investigates preliminary pharmacognostic, phytochemical and antioxidant property of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Ensete Superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman pseudostem. Macroscopical and microscopical features of the pseudostem have been documented. Presence of phytochemicals such as steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavanoids, tannins and sugar were tested by chemical tests and TLC method. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and complementary colorimetric methods (aluminum chloride method and 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method, respectively).<span style="background:white; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"> Antioxidant was evaluated by using DPPH free radical scavenging activity, H2O2 and reducing power by FeCl3. Pharmacognostic studies revealed presence of epidermis, hypodermis, vascular bundles, phloem fibres, sclereids ground tissue and stomata.<span style="background:white; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"> Methanol extract of pseudostem showed highest concentration of phenolics and flavonoids and it also showed significant anti-oxidant activity (P< 0.05) when compared with standard. <span style="background:white; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">TLC fingerprint of plant extract is useful in characterisation of plant extract for standardization.</span

Antiurolithiatic activity of <i>Ensete superbum</i> (Roxb.) Cheesman (wild banana) pseudostem on ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in rats

303-309In this study, chloroform extract derived from pseudostem of Ensete superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman (Family: Musaceae) powder was investigated for treatment of calcium oxalate urolithiasis. An in vitro antiurolithiatic study was carried out by conductometric titrations of CaCl2 with Na2C2O4 in the absence and presence of chloroform extract of Ensete superbum (ES). Whereas, in an in vivo studies, urolithiasis was developed in animals by adding 0.75 % of ethylene glycol in drinking water for 28 days. The extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was administered orally along with ethylene glycol for 28 days. On 28 day, 24 hrs urine was collected from individual animals and various biochemical parameters were measured in urine (calcium, phosphate and oxalate), serum (creatinine, urea and uric acid) and kidney homogenate (renal oxalate). The paraffin kidney sections were prepared and subjected to histopathological analysis to observe the calcium oxalate deposits. The result of conductometric titration show shift in end point towards lower side due to reduction in free Ca2+ content as evidence of complexation with the extract. Treatment of ethylene glycol (Group II – negative control) cause significant (P Ensete superbum pseudostem is mediated possibly through the inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal formation and its effect on the urinary concentration of stone-forming constituents. The activity may be attributed due to the presence of β-carboline alkaloids

Antidiabetic and antiplatelet aggregation study of various methanol fractions of Nymphaea stellata Willd. leaves

Introduction: Nymphaea stellata Willd. (Nymphaeaceae) is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes. Alcohol extract of N. stellata leaves has been reported for hypoglycaemic activity. Objective: The aim of this study was to further investigate the different methanol fractions of N. stellata leaves for anti-diabetic activity and anti-platelet aggregation activity. Methods: Methanol extract was fractioned in to unsaponified petroleum ether fraction of methanol extract (UPFME), chloroform fraction of methanol extract (CFME) and residual fraction of methanol extract (RFME). All fractions were evaluated for in vivo anti-diabetic activity (STZ-NAD-induced rat model), in vitro anti-diabetic activity (PTP1B inhibition study) and anti-platelet aggregation activity. Results: UPFME showed significant changes in all studied parameters, compared to the diabetic control. UPFME also showed an IC50 value of 19.30±1.1 mg/ml and 13.11±0.7 μg/ml in PTP1B inhibition study and anti-platelet aggregation study, respectively. Conclusion: The study indicates that UPFME of N. stellata leaves exhibit anti-diabetic and anti-platelet aggregation activity

Antioxidant markers based TLC-DPPH differentiation on four commercialized botanical sources of Shankhpushpi (A Medhya Rasayana): A preliminary assessment

Shankhpushpi is a cognition boosting traditional ayurvedic brain supplement. Convolvulus pluricaulis (Convolvulaceae), Evolvulus alsinoides (Convolvulaceae), Clitoria ternatea (Papilionaceae), and Canscora decussata (Gentianaceae) are botanical claimants of Shankhpushpi. This investigation is to focus the identification of the compound based on biological marker differentiation of four botanical claimants of Shankhpushpi for their antioxidant evaluation on thin layer chromatography (TLC) by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. A rapid TLC-DPPH method was developed to identify and differentiate four botanical claimants of Shankhpushpi in terms of presence of β-carotene, rutin, scopoletin, chlorogenic acid, and mangiferin. C. pluricaulis shows presence of scopoletin; E. alsinoides shows presence of β-carotene, scopoletin, and chlorogenic acid; C. ternatea shows presence of β-carotene, scopoletin, and rutin; and C. decussata shows presence of β-carotene, scopoletin, and mangiferin. The order, they followed, based on their antioxidant potential is β-carotene < mangiferin < rutin < scopoletin < chlorogenic acid. Antioxidants are attributed for their beneficial role in age-related cognition decline. The proposed method provides an edge in terms of identification and quantification of antioxidant constituents in a multi-component system. This method may also provide application for identification of correct plant sources used in the name of Shankhpushpi in marketed ayurvedic formulation, food supplement, and extracts

Protective role of standardized Feronia limonia stem bark methanolic extract against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity

Objective. This study evaluates hepatoprotective potential of Feronia limonia stem bark (FSB) extracts and fractions using experimental models.Materials and methods. Activity levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and cell viability were evaluated in HepG2 cells treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in presence or absence of FL extracts or fractions. Also, plasma markers of hepatic damage, hepatic antioxidants, lipid peroxidation and histopathological alterations were assessed in rats treated with CCl4 alone or in combination with 200 or 400 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) of FSB-7 or 25 mg/kg BW of silymarin.Results. In vitro co-supplementation of FSB extracts or fractions recorded varying degree of hepatoprotective potentials. Also, pre-supplementation of FSB methanolic extract (FSB-7) followed by CCl4 treatment significantly prevented hepatic damage and depletion of cellular antioxidants. Also, CCl4+ FSB-7 group showed minimal distortion in the histoarchitecture of liver and results were comparable to that of CCl4+ silymarin treated rats.Conclusion. This inventory is the first scientific report on hepatoprotective potential of FSB methanolic extract