Spontaneous pneumothorax as a manifestation of COVID-19: A case report

Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is an uncommon complication of COVID-19, mostly in association with pre-existing lung conditions or under positive pressure ventilation. SP has been reported to occur in approximately 1% of the patients with COVID-19. We report here a case of a 47-year-old non-smoker gentleman without any pre-existing lung disease, who was admitted to our facility with fever, cough and shortness of breath and for 3 days with progressive worsening and chest pain over last 24 hours. Chest radiography revealed the diagnosis of right-sided pneumothorax with widespread patchy infiltrates on the left lung field. He was tested positive for COVID-19 and cultures for secondary bacterial infections were negative. A chest drain was secured and he was given antibiotics, steroid, heparin and remdesivir. However, the patient died within next 2 days due to progressive respiratory failure. This report emphasizes awareness of the possibility of SP as a complication of COVID-19; early identification and treatment of this entity may help decrease the associated mortality and morbidity. In conclusion, the possibility of SP should always be considered in the workup of a patient of SARS-CoV-2 infection having acute shortness of breath with or without chest pain. We would like to highlight this significant, though rare, presentation of COVID-19 and urge clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion

Cold Bubble Humidification of Oxygen: Old habits die hard

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ロボットナビゲーションにおける人間への意図伝達に関する研究

早大学位記番号:新7327早稲田大

Ectopic Eyelid Cilia in a 15 years old Girl: A Rare Presentation

ByIntroduction: Eyelashes are unique hair follicles normally found at the eyelid margin. The spectrum of cilial anomalies includes cilial row duplication, agenesis and ectopic placement. Ectopic cilia are the rarest of cilial anomalies. Case Report: A 15 years old girl presented with the complaints of eyeache and headache for three months. She also complained of extra lashes over left upper eyelid with secretion of tears while crying from the area of extra lashes. She was a diagnosed case of epilepsy under treatment for three months. On examination, visual acuity was 6/6p in right eye and 6/6p in left eyewith best corrected visual acuity being 6/6 with -0.25DS in both the eyes. The anterior and posterior segment findings were normal except for presence of extra bunch of cilia on the temporal side of the left upper eyelid two mm above the upperlid crease with dimpling of the underlying skin. Conclusion: Ectopic cilia,a rare congenital condition, is asymptomatic and surgical treatment can be done for cosmetic correction

Effect of Sowing Dates and Nitrogen Levels on Population of Okra Jassids (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida)

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench) is one of the most important vegetable crops grown in Nepal. The crop is susceptible to various insect pests of which jassids (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida.) is most predominant which reduces production and deteriorates seed quality of okra. A field study was conducted at Horticulture Farm, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal to elucidate the effect of sowing date and nitrogen levels on the population and damage of jassids from April to September 2018. Three levels of nitrogen (100, 200 and 300 kg N ha-1) and five sowing dates (8th April, 20th April, 2nd May, 14th May and 26th May, 2018) were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that the highest damage score was recorded in okra which was sown on 8th April (2.39) followed by 20th April (2.31) and 2nd May (1.26). The highest damage score of jassids was obtained with the use of nitrogen at the rate of 200 kg ha-1 (1.94) followed by 300 kg/ha (1.72) and 100 kg ha-1 (1.54). Mean population of jassids was maximum with okra sown on 20th April (29.91) and minimum with okra sown on 26th May (6.95). This study showed that late planting i.e. 26th May and applying low level of nitrogen i.e. 100 kg N ha- 1is an effective approach for reducing the jassids population and its damage in okra

Do foreign institutional investors improve board monitoring?

Exploiting the global financial crisis of 2007–08 as an exogenous shock that resulted in a significant decline in the ownership of foreign institutional investors (FIIs) in the Indian equity market, we find evidence of a causal link between FIIs’ ownership and different dimensions of board monitoring. Specifically, the empirical results suggest that higher FIIs ownership leads to lower board size, busyness, network size, CEO power, CEO pay, and improved board diligence. However, we also document a negative link between FIIs’ ownership and board independence, indicating that FIIs do not view independent directors as effective monitors. In terms of implications, our results suggest that improved board monitoring, induced by higher FIIs’ ownership, leads to higher firm valuation and innovation activities

COVID-19: ramifications in surgical practice

Nepal lies between two large countries (India and China) who have reported high incidence of COVID-19.  It is only logical that we prepare the best with the limited medical facilities that we have. There are numerous challenges that impact the surgical department and the hospital administration in general. New guidelines are being formulated and updated frequently. The challenge to provide sufficient personal protective equipment, limited finances and need to train staffs are pertinent challenges. A change in the method of treatment and execution has exerted pressure on the surgeons with a need to keep abreast of new developments.  We describe the numerous impacts of the COVID-19 on surgical practice, the impact on surgeons, patients, surgical residents and even the hospitals which have led to all “new normal” in surgery. Keyword: COVID-19, coronavirus, surgery, impacts on surger

Rice production in Chitwan district of Nepal: An analysis from economic and environmental perspectives

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the major staple food in the Nepalese context. Chitwan district of Nepal was purposively selected to analyze the rice production from the socio-economic and environmental perspective. A total of 100 rice growing farmers, 50 organic and 50 inorganic were selected as the sample for the purpose of the study using the simple random method of sampling. Primary data were collected through a pre-tested semi-structure interview schedule and key informant interviews; secondary data were collected reviewing related publications. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression and chi-square test were used for data analysis. The multiple regression revealed that the four explanatory variables included in the model: age of the household head, primary occupation of the household head, number of family members involved in agriculture and subsidy in inputs for rice farming were found to have positive and statistically significant effect on rice yield (P<0.01). Moreover, chi-square test revealed that the farming practices that contributes to climate change mitigation such as: minimum tillage practice (P<0.05), crop diversification (P<0.01), green manuring (P<0.01), agro forestry practice (P<0.05), incorporating crop residues (P<0.1), weed management practice (P<0.01) and pest management practice (P<0.01)were found to be well adopted by the organic rice farmers, in contrast, the farming practices of inorganic rice farmers were statistically and significantly different in this respect. Government should make such policy that could grave the attention of the Nepalese people towards organic agriculture; moreover, encouraging them to make it their primary occupation