Galois theory on the line in nonzero characteristic

The author surveys Galois theory of function fields with non-zero caracteristic and its relation to the structure of finite permutation groups and matrix groups.Comment: 66 pages. Abstract added in migration

Uninterrupted VPN Connection Service with Mobility Management and Dead Peer Detection

The VPN technology is used to connect client devices securely over unsecured public networks. The Connection handover and Dead Peer Detection (DPD) are the most challenging and important tasks in VPN. In this present article, a solution for connection handover is proposed which covers the pre-authentication with new credentials for a mobile device prior to connection handover. In VPN, a case where such connection handover is failed due to incomplete connection handover or several unusual events which make a VPN client to become offline or dead. To address DPD issues a solution is proposed which includes a Keep Alive Timer (KAT) server at the VPN server side. This proposed solution for DPD is far better than an already existing solution that uses a DNS server for DPD since the DNS server faces several attacks consistently. Thus, the proposed solution for DPD is more secure against such vulnerable attacks

Multiobjective optimization of cluster measures in Microarray Cancer data using Genetic Algorithm Based Fuzzy Clustering

The field of biological and biomedical research has been changed rapidly with the invention of microarray technology, which facilitates simultaneously monitoring of large number of genes across different experimental conditions. In this report a multi objective genetic algorithm technique called Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA) - II based approach has been proposed for fuzzy clustering of microarray cancer expression dataset that encodes the cluster modes and simultaneously optimizes the two factors called fuzzy compactness and fuzzy separation of the clusters. The multiobjective technique produces a set of non-dominated solutions. This approach identifies the solution i.e. the individual chromosome which gives the optimal value of the parameters

Production Efficiency, Welfare, and Product Quality of Rainbow Trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Fed Diets Supplemented with Poultry By-products

This study examined the effect of diet, by including poultry hydrolysate (PH) to replace portion of regular poultry meal, on production efficiency, fish welfare, and product quality of rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon farmed in seawater. Rainbow trout were kept at one farming location (“Garvika”) whereas Atlantic salmon were kept at two farming locations (“Litle Lunnøy” and “Krigsholmen”); four sea-cages at each farming location with two sea-cages being fed a control feed (8% poultry meal) and two sea-cages being fed a test feed (3% poultry meal and 5% PH). Fish were transferred to sea at an average weight of 0.1 kg and harvested at 3.8kg. Fish were sampled regularly throughout the seawater phase for weight measurements and counting of sealice. Biometric traits (tissue indices), fish welfare parameters and fillet quality were analyzed when the fish average weight was 1.4 kg and at harvesting. Dietary inclusion of PH showed no overall effect on body weight, body length, condition factor, specific growth rate or sea lice count throughout the production in seawater in either of the fish species. However, these parameters showed significant differences at certain time points during the production. In terms of biometric traits, PH did not show significant effect except from resulting in increased heart weight and cardiosomatic index (CSI) of harvest sized Atlantic salmon. In terms of OWIs, dietary PH inclusion resulted in lower scores of upper jaw deformity score of rainbow trout and lower scores for wounds of salmon at harvesting. In terms of fillet quality; and chemical composition, PH did not show significant effect on the color, dark spots, astaxanthin or crude fat content. The study indicated that inclusion of poultry hydrolysate in the diet resulted in larger hearts relative to body weight of the salmon, and improved welfare of the rainbow trout in terms of decreased upper jaw deformity and lower prevalence of skin wounds of salmon at harvest. It is concluded that partly substituting poultry meal by poultry hydrolysate can improve the welfare status of the fish without compromising the fillet quality