Hand pollination to increase seed-set of red helleborine Cephalanthera rubra in the Chiltern Hills, Buckinghamshire, England

In 2007 and in previous years, as part of ongoing attempts to improve red helleborine Cephalanthera rubra seed-set, hand pollination of florets has been undertaken at a small colony of this species in Buckinghamshire, southern England. Natural pollination rarely occurs (one mature pod recorded in 10 years) at this site. In 2007, hand pollination resulted in the production of four seed pods, of which one withered and died. Upon ripening, the three remaining pods were removed for attempted micropropagation of the seeds. Ongoing conservation management has probably benefited the solitary bee Chelostoma campanularum which now appears fairly plentiful at the site, but despite the presence of this red helleborine flower visitor, natural pollination remains virtually unrecorded at this locality; field observations suggest that C.campanularum is in fact probably not large enough to act as an effective red helleborine pollinator as it can slip in and out of the flowers without removing the pollinia, unlike it larger relative C.fuliginosum, absent from the UK but which is a known pollinator of red helleborine in continental Europe

Case Study of Classroom Practice: A Quiet Form of Research

This paper documents the use of ethnographic research methods as a heuristic for inquiry and teaching. More specifically, it focuses on reflection as situated at the heart of teacher-research, including research conducted by prospective English language arts teachers. In a retrospective analysis of her student\u27s case studies in literacy at an urban site, a teacher researcher explores whether and how her students come to know their knowledge. She explores students\u27 construction of knowledge and theories of practice, how these develop over time and what impact they may have on teaching and learning. These constructions inform not only her students\u27 practice but also her own

Book review: Life after privacy: reclaiming democracy in a surveillance society by Firmin Debrabander

In Life After Privacy: Reclaiming Democracy in a Surveillance Society, Firmin DeBrabander argues that rather than seeking to safeguard and revive privacy in the digital age, we should instead focus on becoming engaged citizens who contribute to a democratic public sphere. This lucid book is public philosophy at its best, writes Paul Showler, though he questions whether there might be ways to envision new and better forms of privacy for our present times. Life After Privacy: Reclaiming Democracy in a Surveillance Society. Firmin DeBrabander. Cambridge University Press. 2020

Book review: Life after privacy: reclaiming democracy in a surveillance society by Firmin DeBrabander

In Life After Privacy: Reclaiming Democracy in a Surveillance Society, Firmin DeBrabander argues that rather than seeking to safeguard and revive privacy in the digital age, we should instead focus on becoming engaged citizens who contribute to a democratic public sphere. This lucid book is public philosophy at its best, writes Paul Showler, though he questions whether there might be ways to envision new and better forms of privacy for our present times. Life After Privacy: Reclaiming Democracy in a Surveillance Society. Firmin DeBrabander. Cambridge University Press. 2020

Interactions of Weed, Nematode, and Arthropod Management Strategies With the Louisiana Sugarcane Agroecosystem: A Holistic Perspective.

Interactions among Louisiana sugarcane (Saccharum hybrids), weeds, nematodes, sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), and pest, prey, and predatory arthropods were mediated through tropic, host plant biochemical, and intra- and interspecific competitive relationships. Weed competition reduced crop biomass (15%, P $\le$ 0.005), and sugar yield (13%, P $\le$ 0.05). Weeds, however, were associated with more predatory arthropods, including Solenopsis invicta Buren, on the soil, weeds, and sugarcane plants, and with reduced Diatraea saccharalis (F.) injury (over 25%, P $\le$ 0.05). Without chemical D. saccharalis control, sugarcane production in weedy habitats was economically superior to that in weed-free habitats. Aldicarb, a nematicide-insecticide, diminished many phytophagous nematodes during the growing season, and reduced stalk-associated predators; thus, D. saccharalis injury increased by 19% (P $\le$ 0.05). Fenvalerate, a pyrethroid insecticide, reduced prey and predatory arthropods, increased Sipha flava (Forbes) infestations (63%, P $\le$ 0.0001), but provided over 70% control of D. saccharalis. Release of the crop from weed and D. saccharalis pressures was the most profitable pest management strategy. Weeds were associated with low nematode infestations and, except for Criconemella spp., failed to reservoir phytophagous nematodes. Fifteen of 17 sugarcane free amino acids (FAAs) were lower (P $\le$ 0.05) where weed competition occurred. Nematode-induced stress was associated with the reduction of four FAAs (P $\le$ 0.005), and SCMV was related to other FAA changes. A weed-virus interaction (P $\le$ 0.001) for free cysteine was correlated (r = 0.59, P $\le$ 0.001) with Tylenchorhynchus annulatus infestations. Population trends of various nematode groups were also associated with virus, weed, and nematode stress-related FAA changes. Changes in sugarcane FAA accumulations may influence levels of other phytophagous pests, including nematodes. Ecological interactions of S. invicta in North America, and the versatility of radiotracer methods for studying insect ecology and ethology were reviewed. Using radiotracers Zn-65 and Mn-54 to label two adjacent S. invicta colonies, the observation of daily territorial changes offered a unique perspective in association with environmental changes (including flooding) and colony behavior such as nest relocation. Utilizing instrumental neutron activation analysis and the tagging of S. invicta colonies with samarium, a rare earth element, revealed a 28% (P $\le$ 0.02) decrease in the size of S. invicta foraging areas due to greater food availability in weedy as compared to weed-free habitats. S. invicta foraging activity was negatively correlated; (r = $-0.69$) with that of Paratrechina vividula, one of two other ant species encountered

Lethal and Repellent Effects of the Botanical p-Anisaldehyde on Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

The house fly, Musca domestica L., is a globally distributed nuisance and disease-carrying urban and livestock pest. Control mostly relies on synthetic insecticides but resistance to them has become problematic. p-Anisaldehyde, a compound found in many edible plants, was assessed for its effects on different life stages of M. domestica. Whereas p-anisaldehyde, applied as an adult contact spray, caused \u3e80% mortality by 30 min at a 30% concentration, egg mortality on treated substrate was complete at 0.1%, and the LC90 was 0.024%. Only 0.5 and 1 ml of 1.5% p-anisaldehyde mixed into 100 g of cow manure curtailed pupation. When the amount of p-anisaldehyde was increased to 2 ml, 0.75% p-anisaldehyde reduced pupation by 95.5%. In static air olfactometer tubes, 0.075% p-anisaldehyde repelled substantial numbers of adult M. domestica within 30 min. Repellency of 60–78% was maintained throughout the 4-h bioassay. This study demonstrates that p-anisaldehyde is strongly bioactive against M. domestica in terms of lethal and nonlethal effects