A Comparative Investigation of Selected Attitudes of Dual Career Couples in Which the Wife Earns More/Earns Less Than the Husband

The major purpose of this study was to investigate attitudes of dual career couples in which the wife earned a higher income than the husband compared to couples in which the wife earned a lower income than the husband. The sample was comprised of dual career couples in the East Tennessee area: 79 couples in which the wife earned the higher income and 105 couples in which the wife earned the lower income. The dependent variables used in the study included self-esteem, marital satisfaction, job satisfaction, and three dimensions of gender roles. The independent variable, income, was used to classify couples into nontraditional and traditional groups. Selected demographic variables were also analyzed. These variables were explored via the following instruments: the Self-Esteem Scale, the Marital Satisfaction Scale, the Job Satisfaction Scale, the Sex-Role Inventory, and a demographic information inventory. Independent samples t tests were used to compare mean scores on the dependent variables between nontraditional and traditional dual career couples. Pearson product-moment correlations were used to analyze relationships among the variables. Independent samples chi square analyses were used to determine differences in annual income and occupational prestige of wives, husbands, and couples in the non-determined and traditional groups. Stepwise discriminant analysis determined the variables that, in combination, significantly contributed to separation of cases into the two groups. All statistical tests were made at the .05 level of significance. The findings indicated by the present study include: Attitudes toward self, marriage, and job were not significantly different for couples in which the wife earned the higher income and for couples in which the wife earned the lower income. Dual career couples in which the wife earned the higher income held significantly more egalitarian attitudes toward the roles of wife and mother, the roles of husband and father, and the situations pertaining to occupational pursuits of wife and husband than dual career couples in which the wife earned the lower income. Amount of support husbands provided their wives who earned the higher income and these husbands\u27 attitudes toward the three dimensions of gender roles were significantly related. More support was related to more egalitarian attitudes. The more the wives\u27 incomes exceeded the husbands\u27 incomes, the more egalitarian were the husbands\u27 attitudes toward the roles of wife and mother

Design Improvement of Transcatheter Aortic Valves for Aortic Stenosis Patients

Aortic valve disease is a common condition in patients above 60 years of age and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Aortic valve stenosis is characterized by the narrowing of the aortic valve, which can be quite debilitating. This disease is treated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), which is a rapidly expanding alternative to open-heart surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Although TAVR is a less invasive than SAVR, long-term durability of the transcatheter aortic valves could be the Achilles heel of the procedure. Thus, the main objective of this research was to improve the design of transcatheter aortic valves using experimental testing and design analysis. After the design, building, and testing phases of four differing valves, it was seen that there are benefits to two specific designs. One design was a TAV based on a native aortic valve while the other was a TAV geometry that was optimized by finite element modeling. The native valve performed well during diastole based on its average regurgitation volume, while the optimized valve performed well during systole based on its average positive pressure difference and effective orifice area