Inuit perspectives on sustaining bilingualism in Nunavut

This article presents an Inuit perspective on how bilingualism and biliteracy may be achieved and sustained in Nunavut. The Nunavut Literacy Council interviewed “language role models” (i.e., Inuit who are admired for their skill in acquiring, using, and transmitting language) in order to gain their insights into language, literacy, and learning processes in their communities. Interviews show that the role models articulate language, subsistence, social, and socioeconomic skills and practices as parts of an integrated whole. Bilingualism and biliteracy are conceptualised as continua of practice, where prioritised forms of expression reflect Inuit values, and are linked to specific uses and outcomes. Role models present language learning as lifelong, holistic, modelling-based, and anchored in meaningful and safe contexts, including spaces, activities, and relationships. Their perspectives are essential for the development of non-formal educational strategies to support thriving bilingualism in Nunavut.Cet article présente une perspective inuit sur la réalisation et le maintien du bilinguisme au Nunavut. Le Conseil de l'alphabétisation du Nunavut a interviewé des "modèles linguistiques" (des Inuit qui sont exemplaires dans leur acquisition, utilisation et transmission de la langue) afin d'obtenir leur opinion sur le langage, la littératie et les processus d'apprentissage dans leurs communautés. L'analyse de ces entrevues démontre que ces modèles linguistiques gèrent les pratiques langagières, les activités de subsistance, les compétences et pratiques sociales et socio-économiques comme étant des parties intégrantes d'un tout. Le bilinguisme et la bilittératie sont conceptualisés comme des continuums de la pratique langagière, où des formes d'expression privilégiées reflètent les valeurs inuit, et sont liées à des utilisations et aboutissements spécifiques. Selon les modèles linguistiques, l'apprentissage de la langue est une activité à vie et holistique, fondée sur l'exemple et ancrée dans un contexte significatif et sécuritaire, incluant les lieux, les activités et les relations. Leurs perspectives sont essentielles au développement de stratégies informelles pour soutenir un bilinguisme grandissant au Nunavut

Analysis of Particulates in the Air on the Kamloops Indian Band Reserve

Abstract MiniVol Tactical Air Samplers were placed in three locations to collect samples from January 30 – February 29, 2020. Two sampling locations resided on the Kamloops Indian Band reserve, one residential area in Sun Rivers and one industrial location on Athabasca Way; one remained at the TRU Weather Station to collect background. The PM2.5 matter collected on membrane filter papers over an average period of 24 hours. Concentrations of metals—lead, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc and iron—were determined spectroscopically. Filter papers were prepared for metal analysis by microwave digestion (Anton Paar Multiwave GO) with Aqua Regia and relative amounts were determined using a Varian Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (F-AAS). Small, but detectable levels of metals were found. The relative amounts of metal varied by location, with higher concentrations corresponding to the sampler in the industrial location. This project was carried out with the permission of the Tk’emlúps te Secwepemc Band council, who provided the air-samplers

Ursula T. Shouldice to Mr. Meredith (1 October 1962)

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_pro/1432/thumbnail.jp

Structural and functional characterization of the oxidoreductase a-DsbA1 from wolbachia pipientis

The &alpha;-proteobacterium Wolbachia pipientis is a highly successful intracellular endosymbiont of invertebrates that manipulates its host\u27s reproductive biology to facilitate its own maternal transmission. The fastidious nature of Wolbachia and the lack of genetic transformation have hampered analysis of the molecular basis of these manipulations. Structure determination of key Wolbachia proteins will enable the development of inhibitors for chemical genetics studies. Wolbachia encodes a homologue (&alpha;-DsbA1) of the Escherichia coli dithiol oxidase enzyme EcDsbA, essential for the oxidative folding of many exported proteins. We found that the active-site cysteine pair of Wolbachia &alpha;-DsbA1 has the most reducing redox potential of any characterized DsbA. In addition, Wolbachia &alpha;-DsbA1 possesses a second disulfide that is highly conserved in &alpha;-proteobacterial DsbAs but not in other DsbAs. The &alpha;-DsbA1 structure lacks the characteristic hydrophobic features of EcDsbA, and the protein neither complements EcDsbA deletion mutants in E. coli nor interacts with EcDsbB, the redox partner of EcDsbA. The surface characteristics and redox profile of &alpha;-DsbA1 indicate that it probably plays a specialized oxidative folding role with a narrow substrate specificity. This first report of a Wolbachia protein structure provides the basis for future chemical genetics studies.<br /

An Exploratory Study of the Relationships Between Teachers’ Beliefs About Musical Ability, Assessment, and the Purpose of Elementary General Music

Existing research suggests that teacher beliefs are powerful factors in teachers’ thoughts and actions and that connections may exist between elementary general music teachers’ beliefs about musical ability, assessment, and the purpose of elementary general music. Therefore, the purpose of this survey study was to examine relationships among and between elementary general music teachers’ beliefs pertaining to musical ability, assessment, and the purpose of elementary general music. Elementary general music teachers in Michigan (N = 156) completed an online survey consisting of Likert-type items pertaining to beliefs about musical ability, assessment, and the purpose of elementary general music. Analysis revealed a number of correlations between and among these beliefs. Implications include the need for further research on music educators’ beliefs and their connection to teaching practice as well as the need for educators to reflect on their own beliefs

Simulating turbulence measurements in high flow ocean regions with an acoustic backscatter model

Measurements of ocean turbulence are essential in understanding ocean mixing and bottom stress. These measurements of turbulence are also needed when es- tablishing loading forces on marine structures especially where they are deployed in regions of high turbulence. In particular, there is a need for accurate measurements of turbulence in regions where in-stream tidal turbines are being deployed. This study reports on two broadband Doppler sonar systems, the 1 MHz Signature Nortek AD2CP and the Workhorse 600 kHZ ADCP. The ability of these devices to collect accurate velocity measurements in tidal regions has been tested in the field (McMillan et al., 2016; Shcherbina et al., 2018); however we lack a way to directly validate the accuracy of these field measurements. This difficulty is addressed through the use of a three-dimensional numerical model of acoustic backscatter (Zedel, 2008, 2015). De- velopments to the model were completed for the present turbulence study, including the integration of data from a computational fluid dynamics simulation and an up- grade to the signal processing technique. The model can be used to simulate Doppler Sonar measurements in flows similar to those observed in regions where in-stream tidal turbines are deployed. The resulting model simulations show that turbulent structure can be resolved by both broadband Doppler systems, but that the 1 MHz Nortek AD2CP, which has a faster sampling rate, yields higher resolution results. This thesis discusses the uncertainty of the simulated results using quantitative tools and draws comparisons to an experimental study published by McMillan et al. (2016)

One elementary music teacher's beliefs about musical ability : connections to teaching practice and classroom culture

With the intent of improving the musical experiences and opportunities provided to students in school music programs, the purpose of this research was to explore one elementary music teacher's beliefs about the nature of musical ability and the ways in which these beliefs relate to actions and lived experiences in the classroom. The guiding research questions for this study were as follows: (1) What is the nature and extent of the beliefs about students' musical abilities and capabilities held by one elementary music teacher who believes all students have the capacity to be musical? (2) How do beliefs about musical abilities manifest themselves in this teacher's actions and decision-making in the classroom? (3) How do beliefs about musical abilities manifest themselves in this teacher's interactions with students and, more broadly, in the classroom culture she creates? (4) What is the relationship between this teacher's beliefs about musical ability and her beliefs about the purpose of music education, specifically of elementary general music? This investigation was a case study of one elementary general music teacher, Deena Ridge, who believes all of her students are musical. Data were collected using ethnographic techniques for a period of over two months. Multiple sources of data included extensive classroom observations documented through fieldnotes and video footage, audio-recorded semi- structured interviews, teacher journal entries, teaching artifacts (e.g., lesson plans, assessment tools), and researcher memos. Data were coded and analyzed for emergent themes. Trustworthiness was enhanced through prolonged engagement in the field, collection of multiple data sources, participant member checks, and peer review of analysis. Four themes emerged from the data: (1) Beliefs about musical ability, (2) Treating students as individuals, (3) Power of the learning environment, and (4) Encouraging lifelong engagement with music. The first theme focuses on Deena's core belief that all students have musical ability, her expectation that all students will develop some level of musical competence, and the factors to which she attributes observed differences in students' abilities. The second theme pertains to the ways in which Deena provides learning opportunities that are responsive to students as individuals in order to help them all achieve some level of musical success. The third theme involves Deena's belief that helping students to succeed musically depends on building a positive classroom environment and her practice of establishing an environment in which students feel safe, supported, and empowered. The final theme centers on Deena's larger goal of enabling all students to continue on to a lifetime of musical engagement by helping them become musically independent and providing them with positive and fulfilling musical experiences. The findings of this study suggest that music educators' beliefs about students' musical abilities relate to their actions in the music classroom and interactions with students as well as to their beliefs about the purpose of music education. Music educators should reflect on these beliefs, the ways in which they relate to teaching practice, and the impact they may have on students' musical achievement and musical identity development. Additionally, music teacher educators should consider the role they might play in helping pre-service (as well as in-service) music teachers examine and possibly reshape their existing beliefs about music teaching and learning. Suggestions for future research are also discussed.Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Music Education, 2013Includes bibliographical references (pages 224-231

Dual Role for DsbA in Attacking and Targeted Bacterial Cells during Type VI Secretion System-Mediated Competition

Incorporation of disulfide bonds into proteins can be critical for function or stability. In bacterial cells, the periplasmic enzyme DsbA is responsible for disulfide incorporation into many extra-cytoplasmic proteins. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a widely occurring nanomachine that delivers toxic effector proteins directly into rival bacterial cells, playing a key role in inter-bacterial competition. We report that two redundant DsbA proteins are required for virulence and for proper deployment of the T6SS in the opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens, with several T6SS components being subject to the action of DsbA in secreting cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that DsbA also plays a critical role in recipient target cells, being required for the toxicity of certain incoming effector proteins. Thus we reveal that target cell functions can be hijacked by T6SS effectors for effector activation, adding a further level of complexity to the T6SS-mediated inter-bacterial interactions which define varied microbial communities