479 research outputs found
^{63}Cu, ^{35}Cl, and ^{1}H NMR in the S=1/2 Kagom\'e Lattice ZnCu_{3}(OH)_{6}Cl_{2}
ZnCu(OH)Cl () is a promising new candidate for an
ideal Kagom\'e Heisenberg antiferromagnet, because there is no magnetic phase
transition down to 50 mK. We investigated its local magnetic and lattice
environments with NMR techniques. We demonstrate that the intrinsic local spin
susceptibility {\it decreases} toward T=0, but that slow freezing of the
lattice near 50 K, presumably associated with OH bonds, contributes to a
large increase of local spin susceptibility and its distribution. Spin dynamics
near T=0 obey a power-law behavior in high magnetic fields.Comment: Phys. Rev. Lett. (in press
The effects of mineral microparticles on dental cell differentiation
With the progression of regenerative medicine, bio-fillers are becoming a very viable option in the treatment of dental caries and the repair ofcranio-facial injuries.Manyprevious studies have focused onthe use ofbone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) with micro-Hydroxyapatite (HA) particles. However, there have been mixed reports on these particles having positive or negative effects on cells. This work delves into the effects of micro-HA on BMSCs, 7F2 osteoblasts, and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) as well as the effects of micro-Fluorapatite (FA) on these cells.ALP and BCA assays were run for 14 days on to determine ALP specific activity and protein content. Antibody stains andconfocalimaging were done for collagenI and osteocalcin. Control cells produced more protein, osteocalcin, and collagen I, and had higher levels ofALP specific activitywith the exception ofa few spikes in each for cells cultured with microparticles
Dynamic Scaling in the Susceptibility of the Spin-1\2 Kagome Lattice Antiferromagnet Herbertsmithite
The spin-1/2 kagome lattice antiferromagnet herbertsmithite,
ZnCu(OH)Cl, is a candidate material for a quantum spin liquid
ground state. We show that the magnetic response of this material displays an
unusual scaling relation in both the bulk ac susceptibility and the low energy
dynamic susceptibility as measured by inelastic neutron scattering. The
quantity with can be expressed as a
universal function of or . This scaling is discussed in
relation to similar behavior seen in systems influenced by disorder or by the
proximity to a quantum critical point.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures v2: updated to match published version
Spin Dynamics of the Spin-1/2 Kagome Lattice Antiferromagnet ZnCu_3(OH)_6Cl_2
We have performed thermodynamic and neutron scattering measurements on the
S=1/2 kagome lattice antiferromagnet Zn Cu_3 (OH)_6 Cl_2. The susceptibility
indicates a Curie-Weiss temperature of ~ -300 K; however, no magnetic order is
observed down to 50 mK. Inelastic neutron scattering reveals a spectrum of low
energy spin excitations with no observable gap down to 0.1 meV. The specific
heat at low-T follows a power law with exponent less than or equal to 1. These
results suggest that an unusual spin-liquid state with essentially gapless
excitations is realized in this kagome lattice system.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures; v2: Updates to authors list and references; v3:
Updated version; v4: Published versio
Effect of compressive force on the performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell
The effect of the compressive force on the performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell has been examined experimentally. The performance has been evaluated on two polarization regions of the cell: ohmic and mass transport. Cell voltage and current density as a function of pressure were measured under constant load and various inlet air humidity conditions. The pressure distribution on the surface of the gas diffusion layer was measured using a pressure detection film and the results show that increasing the pressure improves the performance of the cell. The improvement of the cell voltage in the ohmic region was found to be greater than that in the mass transport region, whereas for the cell current density, the mass transport region exhibited higher change. The increase in the cell specific power in the ohmic and mass transport regions, as pressure increases from 0 to 2MNm-2, is estimated to be 9 and 18mWcm−2, respectively. However, the fuel cell performance in these two regions declined dramatically when excessive pressure (≥5 MNm−2) was applied. The mass transport region proved to be more susceptible to this sharp decline under excessive pressure than the ohmic region
The Herbertsmithite Hamiltonian: SR measurements on single crystals
We present transverse field muon spin rotation/relaxation measurements on
single crystals of the spin-1/2 kagome antiferromagnet Herbertsmithite. We find
that the spins are more easily polarized when the field is perpendicular to the
kagome plane. We demonstrate that the difference in magnetization between the
different directions cannot be accounted for by Dzyaloshinksii-Moriya type
interactions alone, and that anisotropic axial interaction is present.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted to JPCM special issue on geometrically
frustrated magnetis
Kondo physics in the algebraic spin liquid
We study Kondo physics in the algebraic spin liquid, recently proposed to
describe [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 98}, 117205 (2007)].
Although spin dynamics of the algebraic spin liquid is described by massless
Dirac fermions, this problem differs from the Pseudogap Kondo model, because
the bulk physics in the algebraic spin liquid is governed by an interacting
fixed point where well-defined quasiparticle excitations are not allowed.
Considering an effective bulk model characterized by an anomalous critical
exponent, we derive an effective impurity action in the slave-boson context.
Performing the large- analysis with a spin index , we
find an impurity quantum phase transition from a decoupled local-moment state
to a Kondo-screened phase. We evaluate the impurity spin susceptibility and
specific heat coefficient at zero temperature, and find that such responses
follow power-law dependencies due to the anomalous exponent of the algebraic
spin liquid. Our main finding is that the Wilson's ratio for the magnetic
impurity depends strongly on the critical exponent in the zero temperature
limit. We propose that the Wilson's ratio for the magnetic impurity may be one
possible probe to reveal criticality of the bulk system
Slow Relaxation of Spin Structure in Exotic Ferromagnetic Phase of Ising-like Heisenberg Kagome Antiferromagnets
In the corner-sharing lattice, magnetic frustration causes macroscopic
degeneracy in the ground state, which prevents systems from ordering. However,
if the ensemble of the degenerate configuration has some global structure, the
system can have a symmetry breaking phenomenon and thus posses a finite
temperature phase transition. As a typical example of such cases, the magnetic
phase transition of the Ising-like Heisenberg antiferromagnetic model on the
kagome lattice has been studied. There, a phase transition of the
two-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising universality class occurs accompanying with
the uniform spontaneous magnetization. Because of the macroscopic degeneracy in
the ordered phase, the system is found to show an entropy-driven ordering
process, which is quantitatively characterized by the number of ``weathervane
loop''. We investigate this novel type of slow relaxation in regularly
frustrated system.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure
Ceratoscopelus maderensis : pecular sound-scattering layer identified with this myctophid fish
Reprint. Science, vol. 160, no. 3831, 1968, pp. 991-993. Originally issued as Reference No. 68-58, series later renamed WHOI-.A sound- scattering layer, composed of discrete
hyperbolic echo-sequences and apparently restricted to the
Slope Water region of the western North Atlantic, has been
identified from the Deep Submergence Research Vehicle ALVIN
with schools of the myctophid fish Ceratoscopelus maderensis.
By diving into the layer and using ALVIN's echo-ranging sonar,
we approached and visually identified the sound scatterers. The
number of echo sequences observed with the surface echo-sounder
(1 /23. 76 x 105 cubic meters of water) checked roughly with the
number of sonar targets observed from the submarine (1/7. 45 x
105 cubic meters) . The fish schools appeared to be 5 to 10 meters
thick, 10 to 100 meters in diameter, and on centers 100 to 200
meters apart. Density within schools was estimated at 10 to 15
fish per cubic meter.Supported in part by contracts Nonr-3484(00)
and Nonr-4029(00) and by NSF grant GB-4431
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