Forest Radioecology in Fukushima

This is an open access book that provides holistic information on the radioactive contamination of forests. Topics are highly interdisciplinary, ranging from the dynamics of radioactive cesium in forest ecosystems to the radiation protection or the socio-economic aspects of radiation effects. It is designed to help people understand the radioactive contamination in forests and provide hints of how to cope with it and restore their livelihoods. The book is characterized by its well-balanced structure that allows the reader to understand the whole picture without going into too much scientific content. After explaining the basics of radioactive materials and radiation, the book illustrates the radioactive contamination of forests, it also describes the impacts on the forestry and life of local people and the measures taken by. Few books address the concerns about how to deal with radioactive contamination of forests and the future perspectives. In this book, people can learn all about the Fukushima nuclear accident of forests, forest products, and people with abundant reference materials. In addition, the book contains four memoirs contributed by Japanese and European researchers that graphically record what the researchers thought and how they acted in the chaos of the aftermath of the accident. In 2021 that marking the 10th anniversary of the Fukushima nuclear accident and the 35th anniversary of the Chernobyl accident, nuclear disasters are in the spotlight more than ever. This thought-provoking book on how to prepare for a severe nuclear accident is suitable for sharing with people all over the world as a lesson on the next nuclear accidents, now that the number of nuclear power plants is still increasing. The translation of this work was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). Intensive improvements were subsequently made by the authors throughout the text to ensure accuracy of expression and contents and to enhance the clarity

On the Probability Density Function of the Rank Statistics

The purpose of this paper is to investigate properties of the probability density function of the rank statistics for a Brownian motion. Fujita and Miura(2006)defined the rank statistics for a Brownian motion and derived closed form for its density function.However,since their density function includes multiple integrals, it is hard to imagine the shape of the density function. Thus we will evaluate the multiple integrals numerically to investigate the properties of the density function of the rank statistics.We also prove some properties of the distribution of the rank statistics mathematically

Lateral Flow Deformation Evaluation of Ground-Structure System under Various Cyclic Loading Conditions

In order to clarify the mechanical behaviors of sand grounds induced by various loadings including sea wave forces, traffic vibrations and earthquake etc., a series of model tests were carried out on model structure-ground system by using, the two-dimensional plane strain soil box apparatus. It was found that; (1) the lateral flow behavior of ground depends strongly on settlement performance of a structure, (2) the bearing capacity of ground may be evaluated by a failure envelope which is depicted in M-V-H plane irrespective of the difference in loading conditions and (3) the stability of sand ground-structure system can be assessed on the basis of a parameter Vσ/ Vρ which quantifies the lateral flow deformation

Improved subjective symptoms of conjunctivochalasis using bipolar diathermy method for conjunctival shrinkage

Tomoyuki Kashima1,2, Hideo Akiyama1, Fumihide Miura2, Shoji Kishi11Department of Ophthalmology, Gunma University School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Saku Central Hospital, Nagano, JapanPurpose: To evaluate the improvement in subjective symptoms of conjunctivochalasis after bipolar coagulation.Methods: Forty-three eyes of 26 patients (average age, 75.7 ± 8.4 years) were included in this study. The inferior conjunctivas were cauterized between April 2009 and June 2010. Surgery involved pinching the excess conjunctiva and performing bipolar cauterization after subconjunctival injection of a local anesthetic agent. Patients were asked to describe the postoperative foreign-body sensation and change in subjective symptoms 1 month postoperatively, with the preoperative symptom score defined as 10.Results: Twenty-two patients (84.6%) reported symptom relief immediately after the procedure, though all patients had a mild gritty sensation for 1–2 weeks postoperatively. The mean postoperative symptom score obtained from the questionnaire was 3.27 ± 3.31, which was significantly lower than the preoperative score (P < 0.0001). No patients had experienced recurrent symptoms at the end of the follow-up period.Conclusion: Thermal cauterization can achieve conjunctival shrinkage and adherence to the subconjunctival tissues. Operation time is only a few minutes, postoperative pain is not severe, and the procedure can be performed in an outpatient clinic, all of which represent benefits to the patients.Keywords: coagulation, cauterization, conjunctival injection&nbsp

和英用語選(その2)

This study is what follows the previously issued Bulletin (No.43) of this college.The procedure begins by picking out the most commonly used words from the fundamentalJapanese-Japanese dictionary designed for elementary school children. Secondly, these picked words are shown with the definition and the practical usage. Lastly, the definite information is accordingly added to some words in order to have readers understand more deeply and enjoy reading. It should be noted that most of the example sentences in this study were compiled from printed source of information, such as dictionaries, newspapers, magazines, etc

Synthesis of azulene-substituted benzofurans and isocoumarins via intramolecular cyclization of 1-ethynylazulenes, and their structural and optical properties

First published: 08 Dec 2017The preparation of azulene-substituted benzofurans and isocoumarins was established by two types of intramolecular cyclization reaction of 1-ethynylazulenes. 2-(1-Azulenyl)- and 2,3-bis(1-azulenyl)benzofurans were prepared by the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 1-iodoazulenes with 2-ethynylphenol and that of 1-ethynylazulenes with 2-iodophenol under Sonogashira-Hagihara reaction conditions following the intramolecular nucleophilic addition of the oxygen nucleophile to the presumed 1-arylethynylazulenes. In contrast, 1-(phenylethynyl)azulenes bearing an o-methoxycarbonyl function on the substituted phenyl moiety exhibited intramolecular cyclization either in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid or N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) to afford azulene-substituted isocoumarins and 4-iodoisocoumarins, and the structures were clarified by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The optical properties of these compounds were also investigated by UV/vis spectroscopy and theoretical calculations.ArticleORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY. 16(3):480-489 (2018)journal articl