Ultra-violet absorption spectra and higher excited states of Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> in LaCl<SUB>3</SUB> at 77&#176;K

The paper deals with an extension towards shorter wavelengths of the absorption spectrum of Nd3+ employing a 5% Nd3+ doped LaCl3 crystal. Five new groups of lines have been recorded and the analysis and interpretation of one of these groups,viz., group O between 3010 and 3023 &#197; are given. The lines observed in this group are shown to be due to transitions from the ground level (4I9/2) stark components (&#956;=5/2, 1/2 and 3/2) to the two stark components (&#956;=3/2, 1/2) of 2D3/2 level at about 33200 cm-1

The Facial Aesthetic index: An additional tool for assessing treatment need

Objectives: Facial Aesthetics, a major consideration in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, may not be judged correctly and completely by simply analyzing dental occlusion or osseous structures. Despite this importance, there is no index to guarantee availability of treatment or prioritize patients based on their soft tissue treatment needs. Individuals having well-aligned teeth but unaesthetic convex profiles do not get included for treatment as per current malocclusion indices. The aim of this investigation is to develop an aesthetic index based on facial profiles which could be used as an additional tool with malocclusion indices. Materials and Methods: A chart showing typical facial profile changes due to underlying malocclusions was generated by soft tissue manipulations of standardized profile photographs of a well-balanced male and female face. A panel of 62 orthodontists judged the profile photographs of 100 patients with different soft tissue patterns for assessing profile variations and treatment need. The index was later tested in a cross-section of school population. Statistical analysis was done using "irr" package of R environment version 2.15.1. Results: The index exhibited very good reliability in determining profile variations (Fleiss kappa 0.866, P < 0.001), excellent reproducibility (kappa 0.9078), high sensitivity, and specificity (95.7%). Testing in population yielded excellent agreement among orthodontists (kappa 0.9286). Conclusions: A new Facial Aesthetic index, based on patient′s soft tissue profile requirements is proposed, which can complement existing indices to ensure treatment to those in need

Role of HIV-1 subtype C envelope V3 to V5 regions in viral entry, coreceptor utilization and replication efficiency in primary T-lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages

BACKGROUND:Several subtypes of HIV-1 circulate in infected people worldwide, including subtype B in the United States and subtype C in Africa and India. To understand the biological properties of HIV-1 subtype C, including cellular tropism, virus entry, replication efficiency and cytopathic effects, we reciprocally inserted our previously characterized envelope V3-V5 regions derived from 9 subtype C infected patients from India into a subtype B molecular clone, pNL4-3. Equal amounts of the chimeric viruses were used to infect T-lymphocyte cell lines (A3.01 and MT-2), coreceptor cell lines (U373-MAGI-CCR5/CXCR4), primary blood T-lymphocytes (PBL) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM).RESULTS:We found that subtype C envelope V3-V5 region chimeras failed to replicate in T-lymphocyte cell lines but replicated in PBL and MDM. In addition, these chimeras were able to infect U373MAGI-CD4+-CCR5+ but not U373MAGI-CD4+-CXCR4+ cell line, suggesting CCR5 coreceptor utilization and R5 phenotypes. These subtype C chimeras were unable to induce syncytia in MT-2 cells, indicative of non-syncytium inducing (NSI) phenotypes. More importantly, the subtype C envelope chimeras replicated at higher levels in PBL and MDM compared with subtype B chimeras and isolates. Furthermore, the higher levels subtype C chimeras replication in PBL and MDM correlated with increased virus entry in U373MAGI-CD4+-CCR5+.CONCLUSION:Taken together, these results suggest that the envelope V3 to V5 regions of subtype C contributed to higher levels of HIV-1 replication compared with subtype B chimeras, which may contribute to higher viral loads and faster disease progression in subtype C infected individuals than other subtypes as well as rapid HIV-1 subtype C spread in India.This item is part of the UA Faculty Publications collection. For more information this item or other items in the UA Campus Repository, contact the University of Arizona Libraries at [email protected]

Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease following open heart surgery

Background : Neurodevelopmental abnormalities are common in congenital heart disease (CHD), more so in cyanotic CHDs. Perioperative factors have been known to affect neurodevelopmental outcomes. Aim : We aimed to determine the neurodevelopmental outcomes following open-heart surgery in cyanotic CHD. Methods : In this prospective observational study, eligible infants and children ≤21 months with cyanotic CHD planned for open-heart surgery underwent preoperative neurodevelopmental assessment using Developmental Assessment Scale for Indian Infants (DASII) to look for any motor and/or mental delay. A second neurodevelopmental assessment was performed after 9 months ± 2 weeks of cardiac surgery. Follow-up DASII was conducted through interactive video conferencing in 23 of 60 patients due to COVID-19 pandemic. The univentricular and biventricular repair groups were compared in terms of their neurodevelopmental outcomes. Perioperative factors were compared between neurodevelopmental “delay” and “no delay” groups. Results : Of the 89 children enrolled, preoperative motor and mental delay were present in 29 and 24 children, respectively. Follow-up DASII could be performed in 60 children. At follow-up, motor delay was present in seven and mental delay in four children. Overall, there was a significant improvement in both motor and mental developmental quotient at follow-up. There was no significant difference in either motor or mental domains between univentricular and biventricular groups. Among the perioperative variables, only the postoperative length of stay in intensive care unit was significantly different between neurodevelopmental “delay” and “no delay” groups (P = 0.04). Conclusion : Neurodevelopmental delay occurred substantially among unoperated children with cyanotic CHD. The neurodevelopmental status improved significantly following open-heart surgery among the survivors. Delay was associated with length of stay in intensive care following cardiac surgery

Replication of HIV-1 subtype C V3–V5 region chimeras in primary peripheral blood T-lymphocytes (PBL)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Role of HIV-1 subtype C envelope V3 to V5 regions in viral entry, coreceptor utilization and replication efficiency in primary T-lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages"</p><p>http://www.virologyj.com/content/4/1/126</p><p>Virology Journal 2007;4():126-126.</p><p>Published online 24 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2216014.</p><p></p> PBL (1 × 10cells/well) were stimulated with PHA and infected with equal amounts (reverse transcriptase counts) of subtype C V3–V5 region chimeras, subtype B V3 region chimeras, primary subtype B isolates, primary subtype C isolates and parental HIV-1. Cells were fed every 3 days with appropriate medium and virus production was measured in the culture supernatant by RT assay. The data are presented as cpm/ml ± SD on triplicate experiments and are based on PBL from five different donors

Replication of HIV-1 subtype C V3–V5 region chimeras in T-lymphocyte (A3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Role of HIV-1 subtype C envelope V3 to V5 regions in viral entry, coreceptor utilization and replication efficiency in primary T-lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages"</p><p>http://www.virologyj.com/content/4/1/126</p><p>Virology Journal 2007;4():126-126.</p><p>Published online 24 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2216014.</p><p></p>01) cell line. A3.01 cells (1 × 10cells/well) were infected with equal amounts (RT counts) subtype C chimeras (171 to 1014), parental HIV-1and HIV-1. Virus production was measured by reverse transcriptase (RT) assay in culture media harvested every 3 days and the cells fed with appropriate media. The results are presented as cpm/ml ± SD of five separate triplicate experiments. The subtype C chimeras were unable to replicate in A3.01 cell line

Comparison of envelope (V3 to V5 regions) from subtype C chimeras with subtype B (X4 and R5) and C envelope sequences

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Role of HIV-1 subtype C envelope V3 to V5 regions in viral entry, coreceptor utilization and replication efficiency in primary T-lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages"</p><p>http://www.virologyj.com/content/4/1/126</p><p>Virology Journal 2007;4():126-126.</p><p>Published online 24 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2216014.</p><p></p> The sequences of subtype C chimeras used in this study were analyzed by performing multiple sequence alignment with parental clone HIV-1as a reference and HIV-1and known HIV-1 subtype C envelope regions for comparison. Subtype C chimeras are designated by numbers. Dots indicate a match with the reference sequence whereas substitutions are indicated by the single letter code for the changed amino acid. Gaps are shown as dashes. Structural elements of the envelope are indicated by spanning arrowheads and glycosylation sites are indicated by asterisk. Amino acid positions are indicated to denote the amino acid numbers of the complete envelope gp120