Design and Performance Study of a Dual-Element Multiband Printed Monopole Antenna Array for MIMO Terminals

This letter presents a study on linearly polarized compact multiband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system for small mobile terminals. The MIMO antenna system consists of two symmetric printed monopole antennas with edge-to-edge separation of 0.097 λ 0 at 900 MHz. Each antenna element has a capacitive feed and is composed of two twisted lines, a parasitic loop, and a shorting trip that generate five resonant modes around 900, 1800, 2100, 3500, and 5400 MHz, covering GSM850/900, DCS, PCS, UMTS, WLAN, and WiMAX frequency bands. Two inverted-L shaped branches and a rectangular slot with one circular end, etched on the ground plane, were introduced to improve the isolation between antenna elements. The isolation achieved is higher than 15 dB in the lower band and 20 dB in the upper bands, leading to an envelope correlation coefficient of less than 0.025. The simulated performance of the designed antenna system has been verified in the experiment

MIMO ANTENNAS FOR MOBILE HANDSET AND TABLET APPLICATIONS.

PhDThe fast development of wireless communication technologies is pressing the antenna engineers to investigate and design compact multiband antennas for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, which is the key technology for the next generation of mobile communications. The growing increase in the demand for transmitting and exchanging large volume data, such as multimedia and interactive materials is constantly fueling the need for higher data rates. MIMO systems have demonstrated the capability to increase channel capacity, with a simultaneous increase in range and reliability, without taking any additional bandwidth thus resulting in improved data throughput. However, the performance of a MIMO system is highly dependent on the nature of its propagation environment and the placement of antennas on device platform. The true benefits of MIMO can be exploited through a smart design that can adapt with changing system requirements or environmental conditions. This research project has investigated the methods to make multiband MIMO and multiband reconfigurable antennas on small mobile terminals with high communication performance. This involves the methods for avoiding coupling between multiple antennas and possible tuning of the antennas for next generation mobile handsets. The aim of this work is to develop MIMO and reconfigurable antennas for wireless terminals such as mobile handsets and tablets. The project is divided in two phases with the first phase involving the development of multiband MIMO antennas for handheld terminals and the second phase involves the design of reconfigurable antenna for mobile handsets. Several prototypes of handset antennas, capable of covering various cellular frequency bands, have been developed. The research involves a substantial work on theoretical analysis, computer simulation and experimental verification

Design and Development of MIMO Antennas for WiGig Terminals

This article presents a design for high-gain MIMO antennas with compact geometry. The proposed design is composed of four antennas in MIMO configuration, wherein, each antenna is made up of small units of microstrip patches. The overall geometry is printed on the top layer of the substrate, i.e., Rogers RT-5880 with permittivity of 2.2, permeability of 1.0, dielectric loss of 0.0009, and depth of 0.508 mm. The proposed design covers an area of 29.5 × 61.4 mm2, wherein each antenna covers an area of 11.82 × 25.28 mm2. The dimensions of the microstrip lines in each MIMO element were optimized to achieve a good impedance matching. The design is resonating at 61 GHz, with a wide practical bandwidth of more than 7 GHz, thereby covering IEEE 802.11ad WiGig (58–65 GHz). The average value of gain ranges from 9.45 to 13.6 dBi over the entire frequency bandwidth whereas, the average value of efficiency ranges from 55.5% to 84.3%. The proposed design attains a compact volume, wide bandwidth, and good gain and efficiency performances, which makes it suitable for WiGig terminals

Design and Analysis of Compact Antenna for 5G Communication Devices

A novel slotted rectangular patch antenna for E and W band, which resonates at the frequency of 67 GHz and has impedance bandwidth of 13.2 GHz, is used for resolving the issues of compactness, gain and efficiency of antenna designs for future generation 5G devices such as watches, and dongles. The single element antenna, having a dimension of 5.5 × 4.7 × 0.381 mm3, with a realized gain of 8.9 dBi was achieved. A rectangular slot was placed in the ground plane, just under the feed line of a microstrip patch antenna (MSPA), and this works as a defected ground structure (DGS): this improved the gain by up to 2 dB in the proposed design. The partial ground is used for tuning the impedance bandwidth. The rationale for the DGS, the partial ground, and the effect of the slot technique are discussed and implemented in this paper

A writing aid for dysgraphia affected people

Dysgraphia is a writing disability due to ineffective working of motor neurons, causing the patient to face difficulty in writing. Many studies have been done to overcome Dysgraphia but unfortunately, only therapies are made instead of any aid. In this paper, a movement aid is proposed that removes the need of any therapy. The proposed methodology comprises of acquisition of hand movement signal from Motor Cortex and Sensory Brain area by using EEG scanning. These signals are then processed using Brain Computer Interface (BCI2000), which mainly includes Features selection, extraction and translational algorithms to convert signals into commands. These commands are then used to control Hand Movement device. The Hand Movement device uses the FES, applied at the forearm to perform different hand movements. This paper focuses on the flexion and extension of the fist

Shaping Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intentions among Business Graduates in Developing Countries through Social Media Adoption: A Moderating-Mediated Mechanism in Pakistan

Entrepreneurship is crucial for alleviating job challenges among business graduates and for sustaining a growing local economy. However, different factors support and encourage students to be entrepreneurs. Modern technologies such as social media are becoming more popular with young people in enterprise creation. However, the connection between social media use and business among the youth of developing countries has yet to be noticed. This study examines the relationship between entrepreneurial education (EE), attitudes toward sustainable entrepreneurship (ATSE), and sustainable entrepreneurial intentions (SEIs); as well as examining the moderating effect of social media adoption on this relationship. To put the proposed concept to the test, data was collected from 314 business graduates from Pakistani universities. Structural equation modeling using AMOS (Version 26) was utilized to test the proposed hypotheses. The study findings show that student attitudes concerning sustainable entrepreneurship mediate the association between EE and sustainable entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, the results illustrate that social media moderated the relationship between the research participants’ attitudes concerning sustainable entrepreneurship and their desire to practice sustainable entrepreneurship. The study makes significant contributions to the field that scholars can use to initiate future research projects

MIMO Antennas for Smart 5G Devices

This paper presents the design of 8 x 8 MIMO antennas for future 5G devices such as smart watches and dongles etc. Each antenna of the MIMO configuration occupies 3 x 4 mm2 and is printed on the top layer of the substrate in the form of a rotated H-shaped patch. The substrate used for the design is a 31.2 x 31.2 x 1.57 mm3, Rogers RT-5880 board, with dielectric constant of 2.2. The top layer of the substrate has eight MIMO antennas whereas, the bottom layer is composed of ground plane. The ground plane is an Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) based structure designed for the enhancement of gain and efficiency. Each antenna is fed from the bottom layer of the substrate through vias to avoid any spurious radiation. The MIMO antennas resonate at 25.2 GHz with a 6 dB percentage bandwidth of 15.6%. The gain attained by the antennas in the entire bandwidth is above 7.2 dB with maximum value of 8.732 dB at the resonant frequency. Likewise, the value of efficiency attained by the antennas in the entire bandwidth is above 65% with maximum of 92.7% at the resonant frequency. The simulation and measurement results have substantiated a good performance of the MIMO antennas, thus making them suitable for compact 5G devices

5 × 5 MIMO Antennas for Future 5G mm-Wave Communication

A suggested MIMO antenna's goal is to function in one of the Federal Communication Commission's designated 5G spectral bands (FCC). Due to its propensity to handle both many inputs and numerous outputs, MIMO technology may effectively address issues with large amounts of transportation and high data rates. The overall dimension of a single-element antenna is 10 x 10 mm2, The proposed MIMO antenna design consists of twenty-five elements and the resonance frequency of each antenna element is 37 GHz. The maximum gain and directivity of an antenna are greater than 6 dB. For the designing and simulation of the proposed twenty-five element MIMO antennas is CST Studio Suite software. The proposed antenna will be a candidate for future mm-Wave communication applications in terms of compactness

Existence and Uniqueness of Common Fixed Point for Mappings Satisfying Integral Type Contractive Conditions in G-Metric Spaces

We establish common fixed point results for two self-mappings satisfying integral type contractive conditions in the framework of complete G-metric spaces. The established results generalize and extend many results in the existing literature. Moreover, we provide some comparative examples to show that our results are substantial improvements of some known results in literature

A High Gain Flexible Antenna for Biomedical Applications

In this paper, a miniaturized antenna is presented for biomedical applications due to its flexibility. The proposed antenna operates in the Industrial, Medical, and Scientific (ISM) 24.00 GHz to 24.25 GHz band. This antenna consists of a radiating element with circular and rectangular slots and the ground with cross plus four square slots. The dielectric material Rogers RO3003 with permittivity of 3, is used for substrate and superstrate. The miniaturization of the antenna is achieved by shorting pin and some other techniques. The total volume of the designed antenna is (6.8×6.8×0.26) mm 3 . The maximum gain achieved by the simulation of the proposed antenna is 5.44 dB at 24.25 GHz, and at the start of the band, the gain is 4.9 dB at 23.98 GHz, and at the end of the band, the gain is 5.1 dB at 24.47 GHz. The designed antenna has better results than the antennas discussed in the literature in terms of size, gain, and efficiency