МОТИВ ДЕНЕГ В РОМАНЕ Ф.М. ДОСТОЕВСКОГО "ПОДРОСТОК"

Consideration of the motif of money in the novel “Teenager” allows to trace its influence on the structure of the personality of the main characters, their psychology and the formation of a life strategy. Inside the novel, he interacts with other motifs: motif of joking, a lost generation, the ideal of a beautiful person and his spiritual imperfection. In the structure of the novel, it also influences the arrangement of images and polarization of the image system, the accentuation of the ideological and artistic dominant and the specific use of important artistic details, such as, for example, sacral numbers.Рассмотрение мотива денег в романе «Подросток» позволяет проследить его влияние на структуру личности главных героев, их психологию и формирование жизненной стратегии. Внутри романа он взаимодействует с другими мотивами: мотивами шутовства, потерянного поколения, идеалом прекрасного человека и его духовного несовершенства. В структуре романа он оказывает влияние также на расстановку образов и поляризацию образной системы, акцентирование идейно-художественной доминанты и специфику использования важных художественных деталей, таких, например, как сакральные числа

A POSSIBILITY TO USE ANTIARRHYTHMIC MEDICATIONS FROM II CLASS AND MODULATED KINESITHERAPY AS PRIMARY PREVENTION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN METABOLIC SYNDROME PATIENTS

Aim. To evaluate the usage of II class antiarrhythmic drugs and modulated kinesitherapy (MK) as primary prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) with revelation of short-term risk for this arrhythmia development.Material and methods. We observed 153 patients with MS at the age 58-75 y. o. without AF in anamnesis, but with short-term risk of its development (2 years after examination), defined via comparative analysis of AF course, induced by transesophageal electrocardiostimulation, in dynamic patients observation. All patients, as primary prevention of AF, used antiarrhythmics of the 2nd class, and in side effects development or in contraindications they underwent MK; polyunsaturated fatty acids also used (PUFA).Results. After inclusion to the study 77 (50,33%) of MS patients used II class drugs additionally to therapy, 42 (27,45%) patients underwent MK, and the rest used PUFA. The best clinical effect was found in II class drugs and MK >63,75% and 74,41%, resp. Efficacy of the therapy in this type of patients highly correlated with the improvement of the left ventricle dysfunction, signal-average electrocardiogram, P-wave dispersion and the decrease of the left atrium volume.Conclusion. If the short-term risk of AF found in MS patients, as primary prevention the method of choice is antiarrhythmic therapy II class drugs and MK

Electrospun magnetic composite poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/magnetite scaffolds for biomedical applications: composition, structure, magnetic properties, and biological performance

Magnetically responsive composite polymer scaffolds have good potential for a variety of biomedical applications. In this work, electrospun composite scaffolds made of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and magnetite (Fe3O4) particles (MPs) were studied before and after degradation in either PBS or a lipase solution. MPs of different sizes with high saturation magnetization were synthesized by the coprecipitation method followed by coating with citric acid (CA). Nanosized MPs were prone to magnetite-maghemite phase transformation during scaffold fabrication, as revealed by Raman spectroscopy; however, for CA-functionalized nanoparticles, the main phase was found to be magnetite, with some traces of maghemite. Submicron MPs were resistant to the magnetite-maghemite phase transformation. MPs did not significantly affect the morphology and diameter of PHB fibers. The scaffolds containing CA-coated MPs lost 0.3 or 0.2% of mass in the lipase solution and PBS, respectively, whereas scaffolds doped with unmodified MPs showed no mass changes after 1 month of incubation in either medium. In all electrospun scaffolds, no alterations of the fiber morphology were observed. Possible mechanisms of the crystalline-lamellar-structure changes in hybrid PHB/Fe3O4 scaffolds during hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation are proposed. It was revealed that particle size and particle surface functionalization affect the mechanical properties of the hybrid scaffolds. The addition of unmodified MPs increased scaffolds' ultimate strength but reduced elongation at break after the biodegradation, whereas simultaneous increases in both parameters were observed for composite scaffolds doped with CA-coated MPs. The highest saturation magnetization-higher than that published in the literature-was registered for composite PHB scaffolds doped with submicron MPs. All PHB scaffolds proved to be biocompatible, and the ones doped with nanosized MPs yielded faster proliferation of rat mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, all electrospun scaffolds were able to support angiogenesis in vivo at 30 days after implantation in Wistar rats

МОТИВ ДЕНЕГ В РОМАНЕ Ф.М. ДОСТОЕВСКОГО "ПОДРОСТОК"

Consideration of the motif of money in the novel “Teenager” allows to trace its influence on the structure of the personality of the main characters, their psychology and the formation of a life strategy. Inside the novel, he interacts with other motifs: motif of joking, a lost generation, the ideal of a beautiful person and his spiritual imperfection. In the structure of the novel, it also influences the arrangement of images and polarization of the image system, the accentuation of the ideological and artistic dominant and the specific use of important artistic details, such as, for example, sacral numbers.Рассмотрение мотива денег в романе «Подросток» позволяет проследить его влияние на структуру личности главных героев, их психологию и формирование жизненной стратегии. Внутри романа он взаимодействует с другими мотивами: мотивами шутовства, потерянного поколения, идеалом прекрасного человека и его духовного несовершенства. В структуре романа он оказывает влияние также на расстановку образов и поляризацию образной системы, акцентирование идейно-художественной доминанты и специфику использования важных художественных деталей, таких, например, как сакральные числа

THE ROLE OF THE MOTIF OF MONEY IN THE F.M. DOSTOEVSKY’S NOVEL “TEENAGER”

Consideration of the motif of money in the novel “Teenager” allows to trace its influence on the structure of the personality of the main characters, their psychology and the formation of a life strategy. Inside the novel, he interacts with other motifs: motif of joking, a lost generation, the ideal of a beautiful person and his spiritual imperfection. In the structure of the novel, it also influences the arrangement of images and polarization of the image system, the accentuation of the ideological and artistic dominant and the specific use of important artistic details, such as, for example, sacral numbers

Selection of herbaceous plant assortment for park ground cover using plants of natural phytocoenosis

The modern direction of landscape architecture to creation of ecological and naturalistic plant communities of perennial herbaceous species for the design of park walking routes in the style of “naturgarten” is highlighted in this paper. The principles of selection of herbaceous perennials developed by Russian scientists for planting in urban environments, as well as the principles of creating combinatorial plantings are given. The range of perennial herbaceous plants proposed to create a ground cover along the park walking route with an indication of their environmental requirements is presented in the Tables. The type and storey of plantings where these plants can be used, the flowering period and in the note the additional features of a particular species are indicated. This material can be further used in the design of structural modules of the ground cover according to the type of natural phytocoenoses for park areas with different environmental conditions

HCN212-channel biological pacemakers manifesting ventricular tachyarrhythmias are responsive to treatment with I-f blockade

Background: A potential concern about biological pacemakers is their possible malfunction, which might create ventricular tachycardias (VTs). Objective: The purpose of this study was to test our hypothesis that should VTs complicate implantation of HCN-channel-based biological pacemakers, they would be suppressed by inhibitors of the pacemaker current, If. Methods: We created a chimeric channel (HCN212) containing the N- and C-termini of mouse HCN2 and the transmembrane region of mouse HCN1 and implanted it in HEK293 cells. Forty-eight hours later, in whole-cell patch clamp recordings, mean steady state block induced by 3 \u3bcM ivabradine (IVB) showed HCN1 = HCN212 > HCN2 currents. The HCN212 adenoviral construct was then implanted into the canine left bundle branch in 11 dogs. Complete AV block was created via radiofrequency ablation, and a ventricular demand electronic pacemaker was implanted (VVI 45 bpm). Electrocardiogram, 24-hour Holter monitoring, and pacemaker log record check were performed for 11 days. Results: All dogs developed rapid VT (>120 bpm, maximum rate = 285 \ub1 37 bpm) at 0.9 \ub1 0.3 days after implantation that persisted through 5 \ub1 1 days. IVB, 1 mg/kg over 5 minutes, was administered during rapid VT, and three dogs received a second dose 24 hours later. While VT terminated with IBV in all instances within 3.4 \ub1 0.6 minutes, no effect of IVB on sinus rate was noted. Conclusion: We conclude that (1) If-associated tachyarrhythmias-if they occur with HCN-based biological pacemakers-can be controlled with If-inhibiting drugs such as IVB; (2) in vitro, IVB appears to have a greater steady state inhibiting effect on HCN1 and HCN212 isoforms than on HCN4; and (3) VT originating from the HCN212 injection site is suppressed more readily than sinus rhythm. This suggests a selectivity of IVB at the concentration attained for ectopic over HCN4-based pacemaker function. This might confer a therapeutic benefit