Hydrocarbon generation and expulsion modeling of different lithological combination source rocks from the Funing Formation in the Subei Basin

The oil expulsion efficiency and retention efficiency of shale affect the enrichment and preservation of shale oil. Two series of semi-closed hydrous pyrolysis experiments were performed under in situ geological conditions on a Paleogene shale sample as a comparable analog to evaluate the generation and preservation potential of shale oil in the Funing Formation shale in the Subei Basin. The results show that 1) the oil-generation capacity evolution of different lithological combination source rocks in the Funing Formation of the Subei Basin can be roughly divided into four stages: a) relatively slow oil-generating and slow gas-generating, b) relatively fast oil-generating and slow gas-generating, c) oil cracking into gas, and d) kerogen cracking into gas; 2) different lithological combinations have different hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, and retention efficiencies. The total oil generation rate and gas generation rate of pure shale are higher than those of shale with a silty interlayer, and the exchange point between the oil expulsion rate and retention rate of pure shale is earlier than that of shale with the silty interlayer, which indicates that the pure shale experienced the expulsion and retention process earlier. Oil retention mainly occurs at an EqVRo of 0.84%–1.12%, while oil is mainly discharged to the adjacent siltstone at an EqVRo of 1.12%–1.28%. Based on the simulation under geological conditions, it is recognized that for shale oil exploration in the Subei Basin, the favorable thermal maturity is at an EqVRo of 0.84%–1.12%, and the favorable lithology is the shale with the silty interlayer. On one hand, the siltstone interlayer can provide pore space for the early generated oil, and the concentration difference of hydrocarbons between the shale and the interlayer can be formed so that the generated shale can continuously enter the interlayer. On the other hand, the shale above the interlayer can be used as a cap rock to preserve shale oil. The favorable area for shale oil exploration in the Subei Basin is the area with relatively high maturity (at a VR value of about 1.1%

Cation-Mutation Design of Quaternary Nitride Semiconductors Lattice-Matched to GaN

The search for new direct bandgap, earth-abundant semiconductors for efficient, high-quality optoelectronic devices, as well as photovoltaic and photocatalytic energy conversion has attracted considerable interest. One methodology for the search is to study ternary and multiternary semiconductors with more elements and more flexible properties. Cation mutation such as binary → ternary → quaternary for ZnS → CuGaS_2 → Cu_2ZnSnS_4 and ZnO → LiGaO_2 → Li_2ZnGeO_4 led to a series of new quaternary chalcogenide and oxide semiconductors with wide applications. Similarly, starting with GaN, ternary nitrides such as ZnSnN_2 and ZnGeN_2 have been designed and synthesized recently. However, quaternary nitride semiconductors have never been reported either theoretically or experimentally. Through a combination of the Materials Genome database with the first-principles calculations, we designed a series of quaternary nitride compounds I–III–Ge_2N_4 (I = Cu, Ag, Li, Na, K; III = Al, Ga, In) following the GaN → ZnGeN_2 → I–III–Ge_2N_4 mutation. Akin to Li_2ZnGeO_4, these quaternary nitrides crystallize in a wurtzite-derived structure as their ground state. The thermodynamic stability analysis shows that while most of them are not stable with respect to phase separation, there are two key exceptions (i.e., LiAlGe_2N_4 and LiGaGe_2N_4), which are stable and can be synthesized without any secondary phases. Interestingly, they are both lattice-matched to GaN and ZnO, and their band gaps are direct and larger than that of GaN, 4.36 and 3.74 eV, respectively. They have valence band edges as low as ZnO and conduction band edges as high as GaN, thereby combining the best of GaN and ZnO in a single material. We predict that flexible and efficient band structure engineering can be achieved through forming GaN/LiAlGe_2N_4/LiGaGe_2N_4 heterostructures, which have tremendous potential for ultraviolet optoelectronics

Human helicase RECQL4 drives cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer by activating an AKT-YB1-MDR1 signaling pathway

Elevation of the DNA-unwinding helicase RECQL4, which participates in various DNA repair pathways, has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenicity of various human cancers, including gastric cancer. In this study, we addressed the prognostic and chemotherapeutic significance of RECQL4 in human gastric cancer, which has yet to be determined. We observed significant increases in RECQL4 mRNA or protein in >70% of three independent sets of human gastric cancer specimens examined, relative to normal gastric tissues. Strikingly, high RECQL4 expression in primary tumors correlated well with poor survival and gastric cancer lines with high RECQL4 expression displayed increased resistance to cisplatin treatment. Mechanistic investigations revealed a novel role for RECQL4 in transcriptional regulation of the multidrug resistance gene MDR1, through a physical interaction with the transcription factor YB1. Notably, ectopic expression of RECQL4 in cisplatin-sensitive gastric cancer cells with low endogenous RECQL4 was sufficient to render them resistant to cisplatin, in a manner associated with YB1 elevation and MDR1 activation. Conversely, RECQL4 silencing in cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells with high endogenous RECQL4 suppressed YB1 phosphorylation, reduced MDR1 expression, and resensitized cells to cisplatin. In establishing RECQL4 as a critical mediator of cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer cells, our findings provide a therapeutic rationale to target RECQL4 or the downstream AKT-YB1-MDR1 axis to improve gastric cancer treatment

Single cell atlas for 11 non-model mammals, reptiles and birds.

The availability of viral entry factors is a prerequisite for the cross-species transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Large-scale single-cell screening of animal cells could reveal the expression patterns of viral entry genes in different hosts. However, such exploration for SARS-CoV-2 remains limited. Here, we perform single-nucleus RNA sequencing for 11 non-model species, including pets (cat, dog, hamster, and lizard), livestock (goat and rabbit), poultry (duck and pigeon), and wildlife (pangolin, tiger, and deer), and investigated the co-expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Furthermore, cross-species analysis of the lung cell atlas of the studied mammals, reptiles, and birds reveals core developmental programs, critical connectomes, and conserved regulatory circuits among these evolutionarily distant species. Overall, our work provides a compendium of gene expression profiles for non-model animals, which could be employed to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 target cells and putative zoonotic reservoirs

Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory disease mortality in residents of Baoshan，Shanghai 2009‒2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory disease mortality in Baoshan residents during the period of 2009‒2020.MethodsRespiratory disease deaths of Baoshan residents from 2009‒2020 were collected. ICD-10 codes were used to classify the causes of death， and R-4.2.1 was applied for statistical analysis. The average annual percent change （AAPC） of standardized mortality rates of different respiratory diseases were analyzed by using Joinpoint 4.9.0.0.ResultsThe average annual mortality rate of respiratory diseases in Baoshan from 2009 to 2020 was 58.86/105， and the standardized mortality rate was 35.62/105， which was the 3rd leading cause of mortality. The mortality rate of respiratory diseases was higher in men than in women （χ2=46.70， P<0.001）. COPD ranked first among respiratory diseases in Baoshan from 2009 to 2020， followed by pneumonia， asthma and pneumoconiosis in that order. The standardized mortality rate for COPD decreased from 38.66/105 in 2009 to 19.88/105 in 2020 （AAPC=-6.6%， 95%CI： -8.2% to -4.9%， P<0.001）. The standardized mortality rate of asthma decreased from 2.86/105 in 2009 to 1.43/105 in 2020 （AAPC=-5.8%， 95%CI： -8.8% to -2.8%， P<0.01）. The standardized mortality rate of pneumoconiosis decreased from 0.64/105 in 2009 to 0.12/105 in 2020 （AAPC=-7.4%， 95%CI： -13.0% to -1.5%， P<0.05）. The standardized mortality rate for pneumonia decreased from 2.63/105 in 2009 to 0.70/105 in 2020 （AAPC=-6.2%， 95%CI： -12.2% to 0.2%， P=0.056）， but not statistically significant. The annual average mortality rates of COPD， pneumonia and asthma were all highest in January. Crude mortality rates for COPD （χ2=2 669.01， P<0.001）， pneumonia （χ2=217.82， P<0.001）， asthma （χ2=100.09， P<0.001）， pneumoconiosis （χ2=26.46， P<0.001） and all categories of respiratory diseases （χ2=2 995.84， P<0.001） increased with age showed an increasing trend. The crude mortality rates for COPD （χ2=101.69， P<0.001）， pneumonia （χ2=7.39， P<0.01） and asthma （χ2=7.41， P<0.01） were higher in the central than in the northern part of Baoshan District， while the crude mortality rate for COPD （χ2=19.97， P<0.001） was higher in the central than in the southern part.ConclusionThe attention should be focused on COPD； increased detection in males and the elderly， especially in winter and spring； and a good balance between environmental and economic when planning the regional development

Optimal synthesis of amino-functionalized mesoporous silicas for the adsorption of heavy metal ions

Amino-functionalized mesoporous silicas (AFMS) were synthesized by a neutralization route using the anionic surfactant dodecanoic acid (DAA) as structure-directing agent (SDA), aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) as co-structure-directing agent (CSDA), and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as silicon source. The synthesis parameters, which affect the structural properties and the amino loadings of the resultant AFMS, were optimized. Various techniques, such as FT-IR, XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, and TEM, were used to characterize the synthesized AFMS. The selective removal of Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ from aqueous solutions in single-, binary-, ternary-, and quaternary-component systems by the synthesized AFMS was thoroughly investigated. The measured single-component adsorption isotherms of Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ on the AFMS optimally synthesized can be well described by the Sips model, in which the extracted adsorption capacities are 2.34, 2.86, 1.71, and 1.36 mmol/g (0.149, 0.593, 0.192, and 0.089 g/g) for Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+, respectively, higher than those on other adsorbents reported in the literature. Furthermore, Pb2+ and Cu2+ can be more selectively removed by the synthesized adsorbent, compared to Cd2+ and Zn2+, confirmed by the results on the multi-component adsorption

Fault Diagnosis and Classification in Urban Rail Vehicle Auxiliary Inverter Based on Wavelet Packet and Elman Neural Network

In this paper we present a novel method in fault recognition and classification in urban rail vehicle auxiliary inverter based on wavelet packet and Elman neural network. First, the original fault voltage signals are decomposed by wavelet packet. Next, an automatic feature extraction algorithm is constructed. Finally, those wavelet packet energy eigenvectors are used as Elman neural network input parameters to realize intelligent fault diagnosis. The result shows that the Elman neural network is better than BP neural network, it is effective to distinguish the state of the urban rail vehicle auxiliary inverter