Buckling of a sublaminate in a quasi-isotropic composite laminate

The buckling of an elliptic delamination embedded near the surface of a thick quasi-isotropic laminate was predicted. The thickness of the delaminated ply group (the sublaminate) was assumed to be small compared to the total laminate thickness. Finite-element and Rayleigh-Ritz methods were used for the analyses. The Rayleigh-Ritz method was found to be simple, inexpensive, and accurate, except for highly anisotropic delaminated regions. Effects of delamination shape and orientation, material anisotropy, and layup on buckling strains were examined. Results show that: (1) the stress state around the delaminated region is biaxial, which may lead to buckling when the laminate is loaded in tension; (2) buckling strains for multi-directional fiber sublaminates generally are bounded by those for the 0 deg and 90 deg unidirectional sublaminates; and (3) the direction of elongation of the sublaminate that has the lowest buckling strain correlates with the delamination growth direction

A Cross Sectional study of Renal Donors

BACKGROUND: Living kidney donors donate half of their nephrons there are endowed with. The loss of one of their kidneys leads to hyperfiltration and compensatory changes in the remnant kidney. The degree of hyperfiltration, increase in protein excretion, increase in blood pressure, Hb status and development of metabolic complication is of interest. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty kidney donors were evaluated with BP recording, urinalysis, renal fuction tests, kidney size and glycemic status. Their eGFR was calculated by CG formula, aMDRD and CKD EPI creatinine equations. The GFR was measured by 99mTc-DTPA .All observations were compared with pre-donation data. The earliest period of evaluation was done 4 months post-donation and the latest patient was evaluated 13 years post donation. The median period of evaluation was 29 months. RESULTS: GFR measured by 99mTc-DTPA of the remnant kidney in all the donors was well within the normal range. And the degree of compensatory increase was more for younger donors. Peri-opertive complications occurred in 16.5%. Impaired fasting glucose was seen in 5 (16.5%), of which 4 of them were obese. Hypertension was seen in 6%. Though there increase in spot PCR post-donation, it was well within normal limits. eGFR calculated by CG formula, aMDRD and CKD EPI creatinine equations did not correlate with the GFR measured by 99mTc-DTPA, both pre and post donation. There was significant compensatory increase in kidney size. CONCLUSIONS: Renal compensation, in size and function leads to increase in GFR to normal levels. Impaired fasting glucose seen in 16.5% of our donors raises concern and stresses the need for stringent post-operative donor follow-up

Strain-energy release rate analysis of a laminate with a postbuckled delamination

The objectives are to present the derivation of the new virtual crack closure technique, evaluate the accuracy of the technique, and finally to present the results of a limited parametric study of laminates with a postbuckled delamination. Although the new virtual crack closure technique is general, only homogeneous, isotropic laminates were analyzed. This was to eliminate the variation of flexural stiffness with orientation, which occurs even for quasi-isotropic laminates. This made it easier to identify the effect of geometrical parameters on G. The new virtual crack closure technique is derived. Then the specimen configurations are described. Next, the stress analyses is discussed. Finally, the virtual crack closure technique is evaluated and then used to calculate the distribution of G along the delamination front of several laminates with a postbuckled delamination

Road traffic accidents attending casualty in a tertiary care hospital : a 03 year study from South Western India

Background: Road Traffic Accident (RTA) is any vehicular accident occurring on the roadway i.e. originating on, terminating on, or involving a vehicle partially on the roadway. Road traffic accidents are a human tragedy which has an immeasurable impact on the families affected. The WHO estimates that over 1.2 million people pass away every year on the world’s roads, and between 20 and 50 million fall victims to non-fatal injuries.  The incidence of RTA remains poorly measured in India.Methods: The present study is conducted at casualty department of a tertiary care hospital in South Western India among victims of road traffic accident. This cross sectional study was conducted to elucidate the role of various factors involved in road traffic accidents and to study demographic profile and injury pattern among RTA victims. All the reported RTA cases from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2018 were included in the study.Results: A total of 875 cases of RTA were studied. There were 83.77%(n=733) male and 16.23%(n=142) female accident victims. Most of the patients were aged between 21 and 30 years. Monsoons witnessed 46.63%(n=408) cases. Most cases occurred between 6 and 12pm (54.4%, n=476). Commonest injury was a simple injury (72.91%, n=638), dangerous injuries (27.09% percent, n=237) and dead was (7.43%, n=65). The highest number of accidents took place in the month of June (19.09%, n=167) and on Sundays (22.17%). Among the motorized vehicles, two-wheeler drivers were more (76.91%, n=673) involved in accidents. In this study 17.60% (n=154) were under influence of alcohol while driving.Conclusions: This study shows there are multiple factors associated with road traffic accidents. Most of the factors responsible for RTA and its fatal consequences are preventable. India, as a signatory to the Brasilia declaration, intends to reduce road accidents and traffic fatalities by 50% by 2022. A comprehensive multipronged approach can mitigate most of them

Electron operator at the edge of the 1/3 fractional quantum Hall liquid

This study builds upon the work of Palacios and MacDonald (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 76}, 118 (1996)), wherein they identify the bosonic excitations of Wen's approach for the edge of the 1/3 fractional quantum Hall state with certain operators introduced by Stone. Using a quantum Monte Carlo method, we extend to larger systems containing up to 40 electrons and obtain more accurate thermodynamic limits for various matrix elements for a short range interaction. The results are in agreement with those of Palacios and MacDonald for small systems, but offer further insight into the detailed approach to the thermodynamic limit. For the short range interaction, the results are consistent with the chiral Luttinger liquid predictions.We also study excitations using the Coulomb ground state for up to nine electrons to ascertain the effect of interactions on the results; in this case our tests of the chiral Luttinger liquid approach are inconclusive.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure

Investigation of Pd/MoO_x/n-Si diodes for bipolar transistor and light-emitting device applications

Sub-stoichiometric molybdenum oxide (MoO x) has recently been investigated for application in high efficiency Si solar cells as a "hole selective"contact. In this paper, we investigate the electrical and light-emitting properties of MoO x-based contacts on Si from the viewpoint of realizing functional bipolar devices such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and transistors without any impurity doping of the Si surface. We realized diodes on n-type Si substrates using e-beam physical vapor deposition of Pd/MoO x contacts and compared their behavior to implanted p +n-Si diodes as a reference. In contrast to majority-carrier dominated conduction that occurs in conventional Schottky diodes, Pd/MoO x/n-Si diodes show minority-carrier dominated charge transport with I-V, C-V, and light-emitting characteristics comparable to implanted counterparts. Utilizing such MoO x-based contacts, we also demonstrate a lateral bipolar transistor concept without employing any doped junctions. A detailed C-V analysis confirmed the excessive band-bending in Si corresponding to a high potential barrier (> - > 0.90 V) at the MoO x/n-Si interface which, along with the observed amorphous SiO x(Mo) interlayer, plays a role in suppressing the majority-carrier current. An inversion layer at the n-Si surface was also identified comprising a sheet carrier density greater than 8.6 × 10 11 cm - 2, and the MoO x layer was found to be conductive though with a very high resistivity in the 10 4 ω-cm range. We refer to these diodes as metal/non-insulator/semiconductor diodes and show with our device simulations that they can be mimicked as high-barrier Schottky diodes with an induced inversion layer at the interface

Preparation and Optimization of Curcumin-HPβCD Complex Bioadhesive Vaginal Films for Vaginal Candidiasis by Factorial Design

The purpose of this work was to design and optimize a novel vaginal drug delivery system for more effective treatment against vaginal candidiasis. To achieve a better therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance in the treatment for vaginal candidiasis, herbal antifungal agent Curcumin which is 2.5 fold more potent than fluconazole at inhibiting the adhesion of candida albicans has been formulated in a bio-adhesive vaginal film. Curcumin was formulated in bio-adhesive film formulations that could be retained in the vagina for prolonged intervals. The polymeric films were prepared by solvent evaporation and optimized for various physicodynamic and aesthetic properties. Curcumin HPβCD (Hydroxypropyl β Cyclodextrin) was first developed to increase the solubility of curcumin. The formation of the Curcumin HPβCD complex was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and FT-IR and evaluated for its solubility. Curcumin HPβCD complex was formulated in a bio-adhesive film using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and Carbopol 934P and characterized. DSC and FT-IR data of Curcumin HPβCD indicate there was complex formation between the drug and HPβCD. The little moisture content (8.02±0.34% w/w) was present in the film, which helps them to remain stable and kept them from being completely dry and brittle. The mechanical properties, tensile strength, and percentage elongation at break reveal that the formulations were found to be soft and tough. The films showed good peelability, relatively good swelling index, and moderate tensile strength and retained vaginal mucosa up to 8 h. The developed Curcumin vaginal film could be a promising safe herbal medication and can ensure longer residence at the vagina and provide an efficient therapy for vaginal candidiasis