Mathematical model of stacked one-sided arrangement of the burners

Paper is aimed at computer simulation of the turbulent methane-air combustion in upgraded U-shaped boiler unit. To reduce the temperature in the flame and hence NOx release every burner output was reduced, but the number of the burners was increased. The subject of studying: complex of characteristics with space-time fields in the upgraded steam boiler E-370 with natural circulation. The flare structure, temperature and concentrations were determined computationally

FILAMENTATION, SELF-MODULATION AMD SCATTERING OF ULTRA-SHORT LASER PULSES IN SUBSTANCE

The new conservative model for propagation of the relativistic-intensive laser radiation taking relativistic and striction non-linearities, generations of the plasma oscillation and the second order dispersions into consideration have been constructed; the connection between local values of the amplitude and frequency shift of the laser pulse at stationary self-modulation has been determined; the non-linear filamentation stage of the laser pulses at breaching axial symmetry of the self-channeling has been studied numerically; the conception on providing stable self-concentration of the laser radiation power in the substance has been formulated; the increaments of the homogeneous light field instability in the plasma taking filamentation, self-modulation and scattering of the laser radiation into consideration have been calcilatedAvailable from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

Psychosomatic Aspects of Congestive Heart Failure

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychosomatic correlations in CHF patients with anxiety and depressive disorders (DDs). Materials and Methods: This study involved 102 patients (60 men and 42 women) with CHF functional class (FC) II-III (NYHA) in age from 41 to 65 (mean age, 56.3±2.7). 6MWT as a sub-maximal exercise test was used to determine functional capacity in patients. Patients' subjective assessment of dyspnea was conducted using the modified VAS in the form of a 10 cm long straight line. The personality characteristics were studied using the FPI. DDs were assessed by HAM-A and HAM-D. The average score of DD severity in the general group of patients was 11.36±2.24 points, which corresponds to a moderate depressive episode, according to HAM-D. Data analysis revealed that the degree of DDs in the examined patients was a direct function of CHF severity. The severity of dyspnea was associated not only with the clinical-instrumental characteristics of CHF (LVEF, 6MWT), but also with the personality and the behavioral and psychological peculiarities of the patients: smoking, hypochondriac type of attitude towards the disease, sleep disorders, severity of depression and anxiety. Conclusion: The obtained data demonstrate that mental disorders observed in CHF patients aggravate the severity of the patients’ condition and decrease their adaptive capability, thus adversely affecting the course and outcome of the underlying disease

First demonstration of tuning between the Kitaev and Ising limits in a honeycomb lattice

International audienceRecent observations of novel spin-orbit coupled states have generated interest in 4 d /5 d transition metal systems. A prime example is the J eff = 1 2 state in iridate materials and α-RuCl 3 that drives Kitaev interactions. Here, by tuning the competition between spin-orbit interaction (λ SOC ) and trigonal crystal field (Δ T ), we restructure the spin-orbital wave functions into a previously unobserved μ = 1 2 state that drives Ising interactions. This is done via a topochemical reaction that converts Li 2 RhO 3 to Ag 3 LiRh 2 O 6 . Using perturbation theory, we present an explicit expression for the μ = 1 2 state in the limit Δ T ≫ λ SOC realized in Ag 3 LiRh 2 O 6 , different from the conventional J eff = 1 2 state in the limit λ SOC ≫ Δ T realized in Li 2 RhO 3 . The change of ground state is followed by a marked change of magnetism from a 6 K spin-glass in Li 2 RhO 3 to a 94 K antiferromagnet in Ag 3 LiRh 2 O 6

First demonstration of tuning between the Kitaev and Ising limits in a honeycomb lattice

International audienceRecent observations of novel spin-orbit coupled states have generated interest in 4 d /5 d transition metal systems. A prime example is the J eff = 1 2 state in iridate materials and α-RuCl 3 that drives Kitaev interactions. Here, by tuning the competition between spin-orbit interaction (λ SOC ) and trigonal crystal field (Δ T ), we restructure the spin-orbital wave functions into a previously unobserved μ = 1 2 state that drives Ising interactions. This is done via a topochemical reaction that converts Li 2 RhO 3 to Ag 3 LiRh 2 O 6 . Using perturbation theory, we present an explicit expression for the μ = 1 2 state in the limit Δ T ≫ λ SOC realized in Ag 3 LiRh 2 O 6 , different from the conventional J eff = 1 2 state in the limit λ SOC ≫ Δ T realized in Li 2 RhO 3 . The change of ground state is followed by a marked change of magnetism from a 6 K spin-glass in Li 2 RhO 3 to a 94 K antiferromagnet in Ag 3 LiRh 2 O 6

How Poor Is Aphyllophoroid Fungi Diversity in the Boreal Urban Greenhouses of Eastern Europe?

It is generally accepted that mycobiota diversity in urban greenhouses is poorer than in natural ecosystems, but our knowledge on this field of research is fragmentary. Here, we present the results of a long-term study of aphyllophoroid macrofungi (Basidiomycota) forming fruitbodies on non-native sub/tropical woody and herbaceous plants in the greenhouses of Saint Petersburg, Moscow, and Ekaterinburg botanical gardens located in the hemiboreal vegetation subzone of Eastern Europe. Over 20 years of research, fruitbodies of 58 species of aphyllophoroid fungi have been identified. Fungal species that developed on the wooden structures of greenhouses and building materials made of local wood are discussed separately. The list of fungi on non-native substrates is dominated by saprobes (93.1% of total list) as well as mycorrhizal with basidiomata on plants (8.6%). Phytopathogens have the lowest number (7.0%), and ¾ of species are widespread locally. Non-native plants are dominated by native fungal species (78.9%), while the percentage of non-native species is low (21.1%). In the three surveyed cities, the area of the studied greenhouses is 2.8 ha, and not a single species of fungi has been found twice on the same substrate. Half of the identified species are characterized by a single specimen (29 species/50.9%). Hymenochaete rheicolor was discovered in Russia for the first time and its known distribution is discussed. Only six (Antrodia gossypium, Hyphodontia arguta, Lyomyces sambuci, Peniophora cinerea, Ramariopsis kunzei, and Trechispora farinacea) local species (10.5%) were collected in all the three cities. The α-diversity of mycobiota (mean number of species per site, Shannon Index, and Menhinick Index) in the Ekaterinburg’s greenhouses is 1.2–3.0 times lower compared to suburban forest parks and old-growth natural forests, while β-diversity (Whittaker Index, Jaccard Index, and Morisita–Horn Index), on the contrary, is 2.1–7.7 times higher. With the plants’ age, the probability of detecting fungi on them increases significantly. In greenhouses, phytopathogenic aphyllophoroid macrofungi are collected on woody plants only, but the probability of their development is not related to the plants’ age

The biogeography of Elaphe sauromates (Pallas, 1814), with a description of a new rat snake species

Background The rat snake genus Elaphe once comprised several dozens of species distributed in temperate through tropical zones of the New and Old World. Based on molecular-genetic analyses in early 2000s, the genus was split into several separate genera, leaving only 15 Palearctic and Oriental species as its members. One of the three species also occurring in Europe is Elaphe sauromates, a robust snake from the Balkans, Anatolia, Caucasus, Ponto-Caspian steppes, and Levant that has been suspected to be composed of two or more genetically diverse populations. Here, we studied the genetic structure and morphological variation of E. sauromates, aiming to better understand its inter-population relationships and biogeography, and subsequently revise its taxonomy. Methods We reconstructed the phylogeography and analyzed the genetic structure of E. sauromates populations originating from most of its geographic range using both mitochondrial (COI, ND4) and nuclear (C-MOS, MC1R, PRLR, RAG1) DNA gene fragments. We employed Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods for the phylogenetic tree reconstructions, supplemented with species delimitation methods, analysis of haplotype networks, and calculation of uncorrected p-distances. Morphological variation in 15 metric and 18 meristic characters was studied using parametric univariate tests as well as multivariate general linearized models. In total, we analyzed sequences originating from 63 specimens and morphological data from 95 specimens of E. sauromates sensu lato. Results The molecular phylogeny identified two clearly divergent sister lineages within E. sauromates, with both forming a lineage sister to E. quatuorlineata. The genetic distance between them (5.80–8.24% in mtDNA) is similar to the distances among several other species of the genus Elaphe. Both lineages are also moderately morphologically differentiated and, while none of the characters are exclusively diagnostic, their combination can be used for confident lineage identification. Here, following the criteria of genetic and evolutionary species concepts, we describe the lineage from eastern Anatolia and parts of the Lesser and Great Caucasus as a new species E. urartica sp. nov. Discussion Elaphe urartica sp. nov. represents a cryptic species whose ancestors presumably diverged from their common ancestor with E. sauromates around the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. The intraspecific genetic structure indicates that the recent diversity of both species has been predominantly shaped by Pleistocene climatic oscillations, with glacial refugia mainly located in the Balkans, Crimea, and/or Anatolia in E. sauromates and Anatolia and/or the Caucasus in E. urartica sp. nov