Attitude Control Flight Experience: Coping with Solar Radiation and Ion Engines Leak Thrust in Hayabusa (MUSES-C)

The paper presents the attitude reorientation taking the advantage of solar radiation pressure without use of any fuel aboard. The strategy had been adopted to make Hayabusa spacecraft keep pointed toward the Sun for several months, while spinning. The paper adds the above mentioned results reported in Sedona this February showing another challenge of combining ion engines propulsion tactically balanced with the solar radiation torque with no spin motion. The operation has been performed since this March for a half year successfully. The flight results are presented with the estimated solar array panel diffusion coefficient and the ion engine's swirl torque

The role of circulating lipoprotein lipase and adiponectin on the particle size of remnant lipoproteins in patients with diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome

学位記番号：医博甲152

Reducing nonideal to ideal coupling in random matrix description of chaotic scattering: Application to the time-delay problem

We write explicitly a transformation of the scattering phases reducing the problem of quantum chaotic scattering for systems with M statistically equivalent channels at nonideal coupling to that for ideal coupling. Unfolding the phases by their local density leads to universality of their local fluctuations for large M. A relation between the partial time delays and diagonal matrix elements of the Wigner-Smith matrix is revealed for ideal coupling. This helped us in deriving the joint probability distribution of partial time delays and the distribution of the Wigner time delay.Comment: 4 pages, revtex, no figures; published versio

AC resistivity of d-wave ceramic superconductors

We model d-wave ceramic superconductors with a three-dimensional lattice of randomly distributed $\pi$ Josephson junctions with finite self-inductance. The linear and nonlinear ac resistivity of the d-wave ceramic superconductors is obtained as function of temperature by solving the corresponding Langevin dynamical equations. We find that the linear ac resistivity remains finite at the temperature $T_p$ where the third harmonics of resistivity has a peak. The current amplitude dependence of the nonlinear resistivity at the peak position is found to be a power law. These results agree qualitatively with experiments. We also show that the peak of the nonlinear resistivity is related to the onset of the paramagnetic Meissner effect which occurs at the crossover temperature $T_p$, which is above the chiral glass transition temperature $T_{cg}$.Comment: 7 eps figures, Phys. Rev. B (in press

Sonographic size of newborn testis

Purpose : It is essential to determine normative data of testicular size and penile length in newborn infants in order to assess the development during the fetal period. In this study, we evaluated testicular volumes using ultrasonography and also measured penile lengths in Japanese newborn infants. We also examined the associations of the development of these organs with factors including placental weight and anthropometric data. Methods : One hundred and fifteen full-term male newborn infants were recruited for this study. Testicular size was measured by ultrasonography. Results : Mean testicular volumes were 187.4 mm3 in the right testis and 185.4 mm3 in the left testis, and there was no significant difference between the right and left testicular volumes. Right and left testicular volumes showed positive and significant correlations with body lengths and weights. Testicular volumes in the right and left sides were not significantly associated with penile lengths. In 4 groups according to gestational weeks, testicular volume increased significantly with advance of gestational weeks in the left testis. Conclusion : We determined testicular volumes using ultrasonography in Japanese newborn infants. We believe that the results for newborn infants provide important information for assessment of the development of fetal testicular volume

Morphological changes in the meibomian glands of patients with phlyctenular keratitis: a multicenter cross-sectional study

Summary of 13 patients with phlyctenular keratitis. (XLSX 11 kb

Murine Retrovirus Escapes from Murine APOBEC3 via Two Distinct Novel Mechanisms

SummaryAPOBEC3G (A3G) is an antiretroviral host factor that functions by deaminating dC to dU in retroviral cDNA [1–5]. HIV-1 Vif protein counteracts A3G via a ubiquitin-proteasome pathway [6–12]. In the case of a simple retrovirus such as the murine leukemia virus (MLV), it remains unclear why it can replicate in cells expressing APOBEC3 (A3) even though it doesn't possess any accessory proteins such as Vif [2, 13]. In this study, we demonstrate that MLV escapes from murine A3 (mA3) via two distinct novel mechanisms. First, viral RNA (vRNA) blocks the binding of mA3 to Gag, resulting in the exclusion of mA3 from MLV virions. Second, viral protease (vPR) cleaves mA3 after maturation of virions. Here, we suggest that each virus has its own strategy to escape from A3 proteins and that these mechanisms might be used by other viruses that do not possess Vif-like protein. On the other hand, mice possess another form of mA3, Δexon5, that escapes from the cleavage by vPR to show more antiviral activity than the wild type mA3. This also suggests that battles between host intrinsic immunity and viruses have led to the evolution of proteins on both sides

Increased Tear Fluid Production as a Compensatory Response to Meibomian Gland Loss A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study

PurposeTo compare tear film parameters as well as meibomian gland morphologic features and function among patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), those with non–Sjögren syndrome aqueous-deficient dry eye (non-SS ADDE), those with non-SS ADDE and MGD, and normal subjects.DesignMulticenter, cross-sectional, observational case series.ParticipantsForty-one eyes of 41 patients (all women; mean age ± standard deviation, 62.1±9.9 years) with non-SS ADDE, 70 eyes of 70 patients (all women; 66.0±8.7 years) with MGD, 17 eyes of 17 patients (all women; 72.4±7.8 years) with non-SS ADDE and MGD, and 70 eyes of 70 normal control subjects (all women; 65.0±7.1 years).MethodsOcular symptoms were scored from 0 to 14 and lid margin abnormalities from 0 to 4 according to their respective number. Meibomian gland changes were scored from 0 to 6 (meiboscore) on the basis of noncontact meibography findings, and meibum was graded from 0 to 3 depending on its volume and quality. Conjunctival and corneal epithelial damage were scored from 0 to 9 (fluorescein score). Tear film break-up time (TBUT) was measured as an index of tear film stability, and tear fluid production was evaluated with Schirmer's test.Main Outcome MeasuresOcular symptom score, lid margin abnormality score, meiboscore, meibum grade, fluorescein score, TBUT, and Schirmer's test value.ResultsThe ocular symptom score did not differ significantly between the MGD and non-SS ADDE groups (P = 0.762). The lid margin abnormality score, meiboscore, and meibum grade were significantly higher in the MGD group than in the non-SS ADDE group (P = 0.0012, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001, respectively). The fluorescein score, TBUT, and Schirmer's test value were significantly worse in the non-SS ADDE group than in the MGD group (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0061, and P < 0.0001, respectively). The meiboscore correlated significantly with Schirmer's test value only in the MGD group (ρ = 0.508, P = 8.3×10−6).ConclusionsAn increase in tear fluid production likely compensates for loss of meibomian glands in individuals with MGD

APOBEC3G targets human T-cell leukemia virus type 1

BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme-catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G) is a host cellular protein with a broad antiviral activity. It inhibits infectivitiy of a wide variety of retroviruses by deaminating deoxycytidine (dC) into deoxyuridine (dU) in newly synthesized minus strand DNA, resulting in G-to-A hypermutation of the viral plus strand DNA. To clarify the mechanism of its function, we have examined the antiviral activity of APOBEC3G on human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the first identified human retrovirus. RESULTS: In this study, we have demonstrated that overexpressed as well as endogenous APOBEC3G were incorporated into HTLV-1 virions and that APOBEC3G inhibited the infection of HTLV-1. Interestingly, several inactive mutants of APOBEC3G also inhibited HTLV-1 and no G-to-A hypermutation was induced by APOBEC3G in HTLV-1 genome. Furthermore, we introduced the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vif gene into HTLV-1 producing cell line, MT-2, to antagonize APOBEC3G by reducing its intracellular expression and virion incorporation, which resulted in upregulation of the infectivity of produced viruses. CONCLUSION: APOBEC3G is incorporated into HTLV-1 virions and inhibits the infection of HTLV-1 without exerting its cytidine deaminase activity. These results suggest that APOBEC3G might act on HTLV-1 through different mechanisms from that on HIV-1 and contribute to the unique features of HTLV-1 infection and transmission