Mesonephric adenocarcinoma with a sarcomatous component, a notable subtype of cervical carcinosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature

ABSTRACT: Carcinosarcoma of the uterine cervix is less common than its counterpart in the uterine corpus. On the other hand, mesonephric adenocarcinoma is also a rare neoplasm in the uterine cervix, and it has been reported that mesonephric adenocarcinomas are often accompanied by sarcomatous components. We present a case of mesonephric adenocarcinoma with a sarcomatous component which arose in a 63-year-old postmenopausal woman. The hysterectomy specimen grossly showed an exophytic mass measuring 1.8 cm in the uterine cervix. Histologically, diffuse mesonephric hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma with malignant spindle cell proliferation was recognized, and therefore the tumor was diagnosed as “mesonephric adenocarcinoma with a sarcomatous component.” The review of the literature of cervical carcinosarcoma and cervical mesonephric adenocarcinoma revealed that 16% of cervical carcinosarcoma is of mesonephric duct origin, and that mesonephric adenocarcinoma seems to be more likely to have sarcomatous change. We think the presence of a sarcomatous component in the cervical biopsy specimen could be helpful in the diagnosis of mesonephric duct origin. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/124399650391106

Effect of TU-100 in NASH

Background : Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the importance of the gut–liver axis has been recognized in NASH-associated HCC. We investigated the effect of TU-100 on the intestinal microbiome and hepatocarcinogenesis in a NASH model. Methods : Seven-week-old Tsumura Suzuki obese diabetes mice, a model that shows the spontaneous onset of NASH and HCC, were used. They were divided into a TU-100 treated group and a control group. Mice were sacrificed at 24 and 48 weeks to evaluate hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, carcinogenesis, cytokine expression, and microbiome abundance. Results : At 24 weeks, the TU-100 group showed significantly lower expression of IL6, IL1B, and ACTA2 mRNA in the liver (P < 0.05). At 48 weeks, the TU-100 group showed significantly lower levels of serum alanine aminotransferase. The TU-100 group also showed a lower rate of NASH than the control group (28% vs 72% ; P = 0.1). Tumor diameter was significantly smaller in the TU-100 group compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05). Regarding the intestinal microbiome, the genera Blautia and Ruminococcus were increased in the TU-100 group (P < 0.05), whereas Dorea and Erysipelotrichaceae were decreased in the TU-100 group (P < 0.05). Conclusions : TU-100 regulates the intestinal microbiome and may suppress subsequent hepatocarcinogenesis in the NASH model

Central amygdala is related to the reduction of aggressive behavior by monosodium glutamate ingestion during the period of development in an ADHD model rat

IntroductionMonosodium glutamate (MSG), an umami substance, stimulates the gut-brain axis communication via gut umami receptors and the subsequent vagus nerves. However, the brain mechanism underlying the effect of MSG ingestion during the developmental period on aggression has not yet been clarified. We first tried to establish new experimental conditions to be more appropriate for detailed analysis of the brain, and then investigated the effects of MSG ingestion on aggressive behavior during the developmental stage of an ADHD rat model.MethodsLong-Evans, WKY/Izm, SHR/Izm, and SHR-SP/Ezo were individually housed from postnatal day 25 for 5 weeks. Post-weaning social isolation (PWSI) was given to escalate aggressive behavior. The resident-intruder test, that is conducted during the subjective night, was used for a detailed analysis of aggression, including the frequency, duration, and latency of anogenital sniffing, aggressive grooming, and attack behavior. Immunohistochemistry of c-Fos expression was conducted in all strains to predict potential aggression-related brain areas. Finally, the most aggressive strain, SHR/Izm, a known model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), was used to investigate the effect of MSG ingestion (60 mM solution) on aggression, followed by c-Fos immunostaining in aggression-related areas. Bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy was performed to verify the importance of gut-brain interactions in the effect of MSG.ResultsThe resident intruder test revealed that SHR/Izm rats were the most aggressive among the four strains for all aggression parameters tested. SHR/Izm rats also showed the highest number of c-Fos + cells in aggression-related brain areas, including the central amygdala (CeA). MSG ingestion significantly decreased the frequency and duration of aggressive grooming and attack behavior and increased the latency of attack behavior. Furthermore, MSG administration successfully increased c-Fos positive cell number in the intermediate nucleus of the solitary tract (iNTS), a terminal of the gastrointestinal sensory afferent fiber of the vagus nerve, and modulated c-Fos positive cells in the CeA. Interestingly, vagotomy diminished the MSG effects on aggression and c-Fos expression in the iNTS and CeA.ConclusionMSG ingestion decreased PWSI-induced aggression in SHR/Izm, which was mediated by the vagus nerve related to the stimulation of iNTS and modulation of CeA activity

Community Clinical Psychological Support of an Evening High School (V)

ある定時制高校への大学院生による地域臨床的な支援活動も5年目を迎えた。今年度も、咋年同様、相談室内外での生徒対応や授業内支援、年に2回のグループワークの実施、先生方との共有ファイルの活用に取り組んだ。また、新たな取り組みとして相談室の広報活動の1つとなる相談室通信の発行を開始した。本稿では、筆者らの活動内容について報告し、活動を「改訂版支援モデル」の6つの構成要素に分けて考察し、そのモデルの指針としての妥当性を検討した。その結果、そのモデル論の通り、支援活動の浸透化と先生方との連携を継続することで基盤ができ、支援活動が充実し、その支援活動によって更にその基盤が強固になることを確認することができた。このことにより、前年度より引き継いだ支援モデルは年度を越えて、筆者らの活動の指針となることが明らかになった。It has been 5 years since a team of graduate students began offering psychological support to an evening high school. Our activities for this year have been essentially the same as in previous years: providing the students with opportunities to talk with us in and out of the consulting room, supporting their learning in the classroom, organizing and facilitating one hour of group work every six months, and creating files about students to share with the teachers. In addition, we began this year to issue our community papers to let the students and teachers know about us. The article first gives a detailed description of our support activities and examines the revised support model (Inoue, Okawa, Shibukawa et al., 2014) to determine if it is valid enough to explain our activities by dividing them into the six components. Consequently, the model proved to be in accordance with the interactive fact that the basis of our support activities was secured through continuous permeation of the activities and cooperation with teachers, which allowed the activities to be more fruitful, leading the basis of the activities even secured. It is indicated that the model can be a guideline for our activities

Seismicity controlled by resistivity structure : the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes, Kyushu Island, Japan

The M JMA 7.3 Kumamoto earthquake that occurred at 1:25 JST on April 16, 2016, not only triggered aftershocks in the vicinity of the epicenter, but also triggered earthquakes that were 50–100 km away from the epicenter of the main shock. The active seismicity can be divided into three regions: (1) the vicinity of the main faults, (2) the northern region of Aso volcano (50 km northeast of the mainshock epicenter), and (3) the regions around three volcanoes, Yufu, Tsurumi, and Garan (100 km northeast of the mainshock epicenter). Notably, the zones between these regions are distinctively seismically inactive. The electric resistivity structure estimated from one-dimensional analysis of the 247 broadband (0.005–3000 s) magnetotelluric and telluric observation sites clearly shows that the earthquakes occurred in resistive regions adjacent to conductive zones or resistive-conductive transition zones. In contrast, seismicity is quite low in electrically conductive zones, which are interpreted as regions of connected fluids. We suggest that the series of the earthquakes was induced by a local accumulated stress and/or fluid supply from conductive zones. Because the relationship between the earthquakes and the resistivity structure is consistent with previous studies, seismic hazard assessment generally can be improved by taking into account the resistivity structure. Following on from the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake series, we suggest that there are two zones that have a relatively high potential of earthquake generation along the western extension of the MTL

Body mass index and colorectal cancer risk : A Mendelian randomization study

Traditional observational studies have reported a positive association between higher body mass index (BMI) and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, evidence from other approaches to pursue the causal relationship between BMI and CRC is sparse. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was undertaken using 68 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the Japanese genome-wide association study (GWAS) and 654 SNPs from the GWAS catalogue for BMI as sets of instrumental variables. For the analysis of SNP-BMI associations, we undertook a meta-analysis with 36 303 participants in the Japanese Consortium of Genetic Epidemiology studies (J-CGE), comprising normal populations. For the analysis of SNP-CRC associations, we utilized 7636 CRC cases and 37 141 controls from five studies in Japan, and undertook a meta-analysis. Mendelian randomization analysis of inverse-variance weighted method indicated that a one-unit (kg/m2) increase in genetically predicted BMI was associated with an odds ratio of 1.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.20; P value <.001) for CRC using the set of 68 SNPs, and an odds ratio of 1.07 (1.03-1.11, 0.001) for CRC using the set of 654 SNPs. Sensitivity analyses robustly showed increased odds ratios for CRC for every one-unit increase in genetically predicted BMI. Our MR analyses strongly support the evidence that higher BMI influences the risk of CRC. Although Asians are generally leaner than Europeans and North Americans, avoiding higher BMI seems to be important for the prevention of CRC in Asian populations

Comparison of nitrate content and antioxidant capacity in beetroot juice made in Japan and the UK

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Convergence of Notch and β-catenin signaling induces arterial fate in vascular progenitors

The Notch intracellular domain and β-catenin team up with RBP-J to regulate gene transcription and promote the development of arterial endothelial cells