Preventive Effects of Salacia reticulata on Obesity and Metabolic Disorders in TSOD Mice

The extracts of Salacia reticulata (Salacia extract), a plant that has been used for the treatment of early diabetes, rheumatism and gonorrhea in Ayurveda, have been shown to have an anti-obesity effect and suppress hyperglycemia. In this study, the effects of Salacia extract on various symptoms of metabolic disorder were investigated and compared using these TSOD mice and non-obese TSNO mice. Body weight, food intake, plasma biochemistry, visceral and subcutaneous fat (X-ray and CT), glucose tolerance, blood pressure and pain tolerance were measured, and histopathological examination of the liver was carried out. A significant dose-dependent decline in the gain in body weight, accumulation of visceral and subcutaneous fat and an improvement of abnormal glucose tolerance, hypertension and peripheral neuropathy were noticed in TSOD mice. In addition, hepatocellular swelling, fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, inflammatory cell infiltration and single-cell necrosis were observed on histopathological examination of the liver in TSOD mice. Salacia extract markedly improved these symptoms upon treatment. Based on the above results, it is concluded that Salacia extract has remarkable potential to prevent obesity and associated metabolic disorders including the development of metabolic syndrome

一般高齢者の介護予防運動プログラムとその評価指標に関する文献レビュー

目的　 一次予防を目的とした介護予防教室の運動プログラム実施に関する文献をレビューして①プログラムの内容②効果指標の二点について明らかにすることを目的とした。方法　 医中誌web ver.5を使用して、検索された17件について、研究デザイン、参加対象者の属性、プログラム内容と効果・評価指標などについて検討した。結果　 プログラム内容は会場での運動のみ、あるいは自宅での運動課題を組み合わせたものが多く、運動機能の評価指標が多く用いられていた。開催頻度は週5 回～週1 回、評価測定は3 か月ごとに行っているものが多かった。教室の効果として、運動機能の向上、活動・運動量の拡大・増加、身体的状態・自覚症状の維持・改善が多くみられた。結論　 評価指標としてTUG、開眼片足立ち、握力が多く用いられ、他の取り組みとの比較による評価にも有用であること、運動機能の向上のためには、週1回以上の実施、あるいは自宅での毎日の運動の実施が望ましいことが示された。介護予防の視点を念頭に置き、運動機能に加えて、認知機能の評価、栄養状態の評価などを選択して用いていく必要性が示された

Questionnaire survey on nutritional supplement therapy and exercise training at hemodialysis facilities in Japan

Abstract Background Nutritional therapy and exercise training (ET) are important interventions for hemodialysis patients. We investigated the status of nutritional therapy and ET provided at hemodialysis facilities across Japan. Method This was a cross-sectional study. The facilities investigated were 3993 facility member institutions of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy in August 2015. Data was collected on the facility type, number of staff (doctors, nurses, and medic al engineers), presence of staff (clinical dietitians, pharmacists, and physical therapists), proportion of elderly patients (age ≥ 65 years), patients with albumin ≤ 3.5 g/dL, and types of oral nutritional supplements (ONS), intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN), and ET in the facility. We summarized data on facilities and patient characteristics and calculated the proportion of the nutrition that were ONS, IDPN, and exercise interventions provided. We used multiple logistic analyses to examine the facility characteristics associated with the provision of nutritional support and ET. Results We obtained responses from 1048 facilities (response rate 26.2%) and 88,492 patients (27.6%). Patients aged ≥ 65 years accounted for 63.4% of all investigated patients. Patients with Alb ≤ 3.5 g/dL accounted for 37.6% of all investigated patients. Meals during hemodialysis sessions were provided at 601 facilities (64%), ONS were used at 382 facilities (40%), and IDPN was administered at 471 facilities (46%). Exercise during hemodialysis sessions was provided at 190 facilities (20%). These trends did not change after adjustment of response rates by affiliations of facility type and region. At the patient level, only a limited number of patients were provided with ONS, IDPN, and ET, 2.1, 2.7, and 3.0%, respectively. ONS and IDPN were less likely to be offered in hospitals than in clinics without beds (odds ratio (OR) 0.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09–0.45) (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.17–0.82). ET was also less likely to be offered in hospitals (OR 0.20; 95% CI 0.08–0.49). Conclusions Nutritional support therapy is provided in a considerable number of hemodialysis facilities, ET is increasing but offered by fewer facilities compared to other countries, while a limited number of patients were provided with ET

Pretreatment Nutritional Status in Combination with Inflammation Affects Chemotherapy Interruption in Women with Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Peritoneal Cancer

Background: Discontinuing chemotherapy worsens cancer prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nutritional status at the start of chemotherapy and chemotherapy discontinuation in patients with ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. One hundred and forty-six patients to whom weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin were administered as postoperative chemotherapy were included. Six courses in 21-day cycles were defined as complete treatment. As nutritional indicators, body mass index, weight change rate, serum albumin, total lymphocyte count, prognostic nutritional index, and C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) were compared between complete and incomplete treatment groups. Patients were divided into two groups according to CAR. The number of chemotherapy cycles was compared between these two groups. A Cox proportional hazard model was used for covariate adjustment. Results: Several indicators differed between complete and incomplete treatment groups, and among the indicators, CAR had the highest discriminatory ability. The number of chemotherapy cycles was shorter in the high CAR group than in the low CAR group. A high CAR was associated with chemotherapy interruption even after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion: Based on CAR, nutritional status before chemotherapy is suggested to be associated with the risk of chemotherapy discontinuation

Microsatellite polymorphism in the Heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter is associated with dermal collagen density in Japanese obese male subjects.

We previously reported elevated oxidative stress-related mechanical vulnerabilities of the skin as sparse distributions of hyperechoic areas. Although this helped establish a personalized skin care system to prevent skin disorders related to mechanical stress, obesity-related skin vulnerability involves individual differences. Here, we hypothesized that individual differences are caused by polymorphisms of GT repetitive sequences in the heme oxygenase1 (HMOX1) promoter region, which encodes an antioxidant enzyme. This cross-sectional study enrolled healthy male volunteers in a walking classroom aimed at weight control. Subjects with a body mass index <25 kg/m2 were classified as non-obese and those with body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 were classified as obese. Subject skin was categorized into sparse dermis or normal groups according to the distribution of hyperechoic areas by high-resolution skin ultrasonography (20 MHz). Genomic DNA and mRNA extracted from three body hairs with attached follicle cells were used to analyze GT repetitive sequences of the HMOX1 promoter, HMOX1 mRNA expression levels, and oxidative stress levels (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine). Classifications of GT repetitive sequence of HMOX1 promoter were Short (<27 times) and Long (≥27 times). Higher numbers of subjects with sparse dermis were in the obese group compared with the non-obese group. In obese subjects, the number of subjects that had the Long allele of the HMOX1 promoter with sparse dermis was significantly higher compared with the normal group, whereas no association was observed between the polymorphism and ultrasonographic features in non-obese subjects. Thus, HMOX1 polymorphisms detected a risk of low collagen density in Japanese obese male subjects

Additional file 3: Table S3. of Questionnaire survey on nutritional supplement therapy and exercise training at hemodialysis facilities in Japan

Logistic regression analysis with conducted using per-100-patient staffing level. (PDF 111 kb

Additional file 1: Item S1. of Questionnaire survey on nutritional supplement therapy and exercise training at hemodialysis facilities in Japan

Questionnaire. (PDF 194 kb