A measure of statistical complexity based on predictive information with application to finite spin systems

NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in 'Physical Letters A'. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in PHYSICAL LETTERS A, 376 (4): 275-281, JAN 2012. DOI:10.1016/j.physleta.2011.10.066

The Grizzly, February 20, 1996

Talk Show Trouble • Major Fair 1996 • J.D. Salinger: A Grizzly Staffer!; The Skipped Diploma • Boxer Tommy Morrison HIV-Positive • Swedish Vocal Ensemble to Perform • Meet the Candidates: A Largely Biased Commentary • Take it Back, Captain Jack? • Blatant Generalizations • You Bet Your Life • Confessions of a Computer Dork • To Bus or Not to Bus • Vicki Abt Revisited • Free Speech, Abortion, and Presidential Politics • Valentine\u27s Spectacular Brings Elegant Dining to Zack\u27s • WVOU: State of the Nation • Airband Proceeds to Help Student Ryan Auch • Guys Come Up Short in Muhlenberg • Lady Bears Get Crushed by Muhlenberg • Bears Place Four at Eastern Regionalshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1375/thumbnail.jp

Motivational modulation of bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease off and on dopaminergic medication.

Motivational influence on bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease may be observed in situations of emotional and physical stress, a phenomenon known as paradoxical kinesis. However, little is known about motivational modulation of movement speed beyond these extreme circumstances. In particular, it is not known if motivational factors affect movement speed by improving movement preparation/initiation or execution (or both) and how this effect relates to the patients' medication state. In the present study, we tested if provision of motivational incentive through monetary reward would speed-up movement initiation and/or execution in Parkinson's disease patients and if this effect depended on dopaminergic medication. We studied the effect of monetary incentive on simple reaction time in 11 Parkinson's disease patients both "off" and "on" dopaminergic medication and in 11 healthy participants. The simple reaction time task was performed across unrewarded and rewarded blocks. The initiation time and movement time were quantified separately. Anticipation errors and long responses were also recorded. The prospect of reward improved initiation times in Parkinson's disease patients both "off" and "on" dopaminergic medication, to a similar extent as in healthy participants. However, for "off" medication, this improvement was associated with increased frequency of anticipation errors, which were eliminated by dopamine replacement. Dopamine replacement had an additional, albeit small effect, on reward-related improvement of movement execution. Motivational strategies are helpful in overcoming bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease. Motivational factors may have a greater effect on bradykinesia when patients are "on" medication, as dopamine appears to be required for overcoming speed-accuracy trade-off and for improvement of movement execution. Thus, medication status should be an important consideration in movement rehabilitation programmes for patients with Parkinson's disease

Kovesi and the Formal and Material Elements of Concepts

Published in Philosophia, December 2011, Volume 39, Issue 4, pp 699-720. doi: 10.1007/s11406-011-9305-x</p

The Protective Action Encoding of Serotonin Transients in the Human Brain

The role of serotonin in human brain function remains elusive due, at least in part, to our inability to measure rapidly the local concentration of this neurotransmitter. We used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to infer serotonergic signaling from the striatum of fourteen brains of human patients with Parkinson's disease. Here we report these novel measurements and show that they correlate with outcomes and decisions in a sequential investment game. We find that serotonergic concentrations transiently increase as a whole following negative reward prediction errors, while reversing when counterfactual losses predominate. This provides initial evidence that the serotonergic system acts as an opponent to dopamine signaling, as anticipated by theoretical models. Serotonin transients on one trial were also associated with actions on the next trial in a manner that correlated with decreased exposure to poor outcomes. Thus, the fluctuations observed for serotonin appear to correlate with the inhibition of over-reactions and promote persistence of ongoing strategies in the face of short-term environmental changes. Together these findings elucidate a role for serotonin in the striatum, suggesting it encodes a protective action strategy that mitigates risk and modulates choice selection particularly following negative environmental events

Social care and the law in Scotland An SVQ related reference guide for direct care staff

Previous ed.: 2001. Includes bibliographical references and index. Title from coverAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:02/42367 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLE4. ed.GBUnited Kingdo