Epidemic Diseases Forestall Module using Data Science and SIR Algorithms

This survey paper is intended to prevent epidemic diseases and pandemic diseases. According to the WHO every year in the world over 17 million people die due to this type of disease. Epidemic diseases have lower transmission rate than pandemic diseases and they spread in a bounded area. On the other hand, pandemic diseases have higher transmission rate and it can easily spread in an immense area. We can control this type of disease in its initial stages before it becomes a fatal disease like covid-19. Lack of knowledge in peoples and inefficient systems used by higher authorities in that region are the main reasons to spread diseases in larger areas. But using data science and the epidemic compartment models it’s possible to control infectious diseases in its initial stages. For different diseases there are different compartment algorithms that are able to estimate the number of cases in the future. These models often use ordinary differential equations for predicting things. Using data science, we are able to find what are key factors responsible for the spreading of that particular disease

Sub-fecundity and associated factors among mothers with natural planned conception attending antenatal care service in Arba Minch Health Facilities.

BackgroundFecundity is a physiological ability to have children. The inability to get the desired child which was commonly caused by the prolonged time to conceive due to unwanted non-conception period increased from time to time. As a result, many couples are developing psychological, social, and economic problems and unstable life. However, information on fecundity status is limited in Ethiopia context. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the proportion of sub-fecundity and associated factors in Ethiopia context.MethodsA health institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in Arba Minch health facilities from March 25 to April 25, 2020. By using a systematic sampling method, 539 mothers were selected for the study. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with the sub-fecundity. Variables with p-value ResultThe proportion of sub-fecundity was 17.8% with 95%CI (14.8%-21.3%). Mothers' age ≥ 30 (AOR = 2.54, 95%CI; 1.18-5.48), partners' age ≥ 35 (AOR = 2.20, 95%CI; 1.01-4.75), coffee consumption of ≥ 4 cups/day (AOR = 2.93, 95%CI; 1.14-7.53), menses irregularity (AOR = 3.79 95%CI; 2.01-7.14) and coital frequency of 1day/week (AOR = 3.65, 95%CI; 1.47-9.05) were significantly associated with the sub-fecundity.ConclusionThis study found that a substantial proportion of mothers were sub-fecund. Factors that contributed to the sub-fecundity were pre-pregnancy; mothers' age, partners' age, coffee drinking of ≥ 4 cups/day, coital frequency of 1day/week, and menses irregularity. Thus, efforts to prevent sub-fecundity should focus on awareness creation as to plan to conceive at early age, reducing coffee consumption, increasing days of coital frequency per week, and investigating and treating mothers with irregular menses

Determinants of Low Birth Weight among Newborns Delivered at Public Hospitals in Sidama Zone, South Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study

Low birth weight is a global public health problem having various severe and life-threatening health effects. The World Health Organization is working to reduce the prevalence of low birth weight to 30% by the year 2025. Pinpointing the determinants of low birth weight at different scenarios is crucial to reduce the rate of low birth weight in low-income countries which consist of 96.5% of global low birth weight newborns. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess determinants of low birth weight in Sidama Zone public hospitals of South Ethiopia. An institution-based case-control study was conducted from March 1 to May 5, 2019, in Sidama Zone public hospitals. Data were collected from 354 mother-neonate samples with 118 of them having newborns with birth weight<2500 g (cases) and 236 of them having birth weight≥2500 g (controls) using a pretested, interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and medical record review. The odds of being rural dweller women was 3.51 times higher among cases (low birth weight babies) than among controls (normal birth weight babies) as compared to being urban dweller women (AOR=3.51, 95% CI (1.91-6.45)). The likelihood of initiating antenatal care late was 3.22 times more among cases than among controls when compared with timely initiation of antenatal care (AOR=3.22, 95% CI (1.47-7.14)). The probability of having pregnancy-induced hypertension was 4.49 times higher among mothers of the cases than among mothers of the controls as compared to not having pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR=4.49, 95% CI (1.94-10.38)). The odds of not taking iron and folic acid during pregnancy was 3.92 times higher among mothers of the cases than mothers of the controls when compared with taking iron and folic acid (AOR=3.92, 95% CI (1.80-8.50)). The likelihood of having Mid-Upper Arm Circumference MUAC<23 cm was 4.27 times higher among mothers of the cases than among mothers of the controls as compared to having MUAC≥23 cm (AOR=4.27, 95% CI (2.24-8.12)). The probability of having inadequate dietary diversity was 3.75 times higher among cases than among controls as compared to having adequate dietary diversity (AOR=3.75, 95% CI (1.64-8.57)). Interventions targeting the aversion of low birth weight should focus on promotion of iron-folic acid supplementation and dietary diversification through timely initiation of antenatal care

Effectiveness of curriculum-based sexual and reproductive health education on healthy sexual behaviors among year one students at Arba Minch University: A quasi-experimental study

Introduction Curriculum-based sexual and reproductive health education (CBSRHE) is one of the preventive strategies targeting youth in higher institutions to protect them from sexual and reproductive health problems, despite never assessing the effect in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of CBSRHE on knowledge and attitude about SRH services to have safer sexual behaviors among first-year students of Arba Minch University. Method We conducted a quasi-experimental study among purposively selected campuses. The campuses were allocated to (i) an intervention arm consisting of curriculum-based sexual and reproductive health, or (ii) a control arm for those who were free from intervention. Data was collected, at baseline and immediately after the intervention ended by using a structured self-administered questionnaire. To compare differences in the change from baseline to post-intervention between the two arms we use the chi-square test and independent-samples t-test. To see the effect of the CBSRHE by controlling the effect confounding inverse probability-weighted analysis was conducted. Result A total of 832 and 820 students participated in a baseline and post-test respectively. The proportion of youth who practice receptive penetrative sex decreases from 40.9% to 28.3% in the intervention arm compared to 37.6% to 37.3% in the non-intervention arm between baseline and end line, with statistically significant differences between groups. However, there are statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups in terms of changes in contraception utilization (X2 = 1.21; P&gt;0.05). Furthermore, there were significant improvements in knowledge and attitude among the intervention arm a comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS (ATE = 0.22,95% CI, 0.14 to 0.29; p &lt; 0.01), an average change of attitude toward HIV/AIDS(ATE = 1.32, 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.47; p &lt; 0.01), comprehensive condom knowledge score (ATE = 0.23, 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.33; p &lt; 0.01) and the average change of attitude toward condom score (ATE = 1.83, 95% CI, 1.19 to 2.77; p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion and recommendation It was found that there was a significant difference in knowledge and attitude toward a disk sexual behaviors among r one student. This implies that the educational authority o the country can gain through the adoption of courses to all universities across the country, besides doing further comparative studies to determine the long-term effect of the course supported with models and/or theories like the theory of change. </jats:sec