Study of byproducts from dry-mill ethanol plants

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released during the drying of distiller\u27s wet grains from dry-mill ethanol production plants. Almost nothing has been studied about these emissions so far including the information gaps on the types of VOCs emitted and the temperature range at which most of them are evolved. One of the two objectives of this study is to find out the temperature ranges where emission of VOCs is possible and also to investigate the main cause of VOC emissions. Samples from ethanol plant including distiller\u27s wet grains, distiller\u27s dried grains with solubles, syrup, and thin stillage were tested using thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric analyses (DTGA) to acquire information on the loss of volatiles as a function of temperature. The results showed weight loss events in all the samples in the temperature range of 25-100ðC and are expected to be due to moisture and volatile organic compounds. Thin stillage obtained from centrifuging the whole stillage has a very high chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 75,000 mg/L. A portion of thin stillage is recycled to the plant for reuse and remaining is sent to the evaporator to be converted into syrup which is then added to the DWG during drying operations. The other objective of this study is the treatment of thin stillage, which would help in providing cleaner recycle water to the ethanol industry and in reducing the emissions of VOCs. Ozonation and catalytic ozonation were applied for the removal of COD from thin stillage as simple single-step unit processes. Two different catalysts Fe(II) and Fe(III) were used and both the catalysts resulted in almost the same improved COD removal rates when compared to ozonation alone

Effect of first trimester maternal serum pregnancy associated plasma protein: a level on fetomaternal outcome

Background: Serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) levels fluctuate in continuation with the pregnancy and thus become an important standalone marker in monitoring the adverse outcomes that may occur in pregnancy.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology. A total of 240 pregnant women in their first trimester were included in the study. Serum PAPP-A levels were measured at 11-13+6week of gestation and were evaluated with respect to the feto-maternal outcome. The data was entered in MS excel spreadsheet and analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0.Results: The mean age of the study population was 27 years. Among the maternal pregnancy parameters, PIH, pre-term labor and Emergency LSCS were significantly associated with low (<0.5 MoM) Serum PAPP-A levels, P<0.05. All the fetal outcome measures: IUGR, IUD, low birth weight, SGA babies, prematurity and NICU admissions, were significantly associated with low (<0.5 MoM) Serum PAPP-A levels, p <0.05.Conclusions: Serum PAPP-A in the early pregnancy showed significant correlation with feto-maternal outcome. Thus, it has the potential to be used as a prognostic factor and in the management of adverse outcomes by increasing surveillance for pregnant women with high-risk factors

TOLERANCE AGAINST HEAVY METAL TOXICITY IN CYANOBACTERIA: ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM

The toxicity of heavy metals is reviewed with reference to Cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria also known as blue green algae are primitive photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganism which has high economic importance due to various bioactive compounds. Cyanobacteria are exposed to heavy metal stress since these are widely distributed. Heavy metal enters into the cell through various interactions between metal ions and functional groups present at the cell surface and cause toxicity. Heavy metals also cause oxidative stress by generation of reactive oxygen species, including superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical which are highly reactive and toxic and cause damage to nucleic acid, protein, and lipid. Cyanobacteria have evolved strategies to overcome the effect of reactive oxygen species that include antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and Glutathione reductase

Non-invasive oral cancer detection from saliva using zinc oxide-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite based bioelectrode

Multifunctional materials with excellent biocompatibility and electron-transport properties are critical for the pursuit of point-of-care biosensing devices. The authors report the synthesis of zinc oxide-reduced graphene oxide (ZnO-rGO) nanocomposite for the fabrication of an electrochemical immunosensing test-bed for noninvasive onsite detection of oral cancer biomarker (interleukin-8, IL8). The immunosensor showed successful detection of IL8 at low concentration ranges, i.e., 100 fg/mL-5 ng/mL with a sensitivity of 12.46 +/- 0.82 mu A mL/ng and a detection limit of 51.53 +/- 0.43 pg/mL. These results have been validated through in vitro investigations using real saliva samples spiked with IL8

Testicular Vein Syndrome and Its Treatment with a Laparoscopic Approach

A laparoscopic approach was found to be safe and effective for the treatment of a patient with testicular vein syndrome

TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT RATES OF PARASITOID, HABROBRACON HEBETOR, DIRECTLY FED ON BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. KURSTAKI

The interaction of temperature and directly ingested Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), on the developmental rates of the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor progeny was investigated using Corcyra cephalonica 4th instar larvae as host. Development rates increased with temperature rise. Regression analysis revealed highly significant (p &lt;.01) good fit of the equation for incubation, larval and total lifecycle period, while significant (p &lt;.05) for larval period in untreated diet fed H. hebetor, However, under the influence of Bt- honey diet, larval period (p &gt;.05) was not a good fit of the equation. Although r- values were overall lower and regression showed no significant fit of the equation for larval periods, significantly higher development rate was observed towards higher temperatures. However, rates during pupal period and total lifecycle showed highly significant (p &lt;.01) good fit of the equation. Significant interactions between Bt and temperature were observed during larval (F3,72= 45.443, p &lt;.001) and pupal periods (F3,72= 3.932, p &lt;.05), however, no such significant interaction occurred during incubation period (F3,72= 1.643, p= .187). Mean developmental rates during total life cycle also showed significant interaction between the factors, F3,72= 4.684, p &lt;.01. Temperature was way more influential in all stages, as a factor (p &lt; .001), than Bt. This study emphasizes the importance of temperature as an ecofactor during combined biological control. Interaction between higher temperatures and Bt, within the tolerance limit, may actually be beneficial through faster development during larval stage; although the same cannot be said of the other parameters of its life history

Terrorism and Role of Media

Terrorism is the systematic use of terror, violent or destructive acts committed by groups in order to intimidate a population or government into granting their demands. All the developed, developing nations have confronted the horrors of Terrorism. It is one of him devastating threats for the whole world. Due to the advent of Terrorism in humane life, we have been confined to in destruction. To live the life of a common man becomes unendurable. Further the role of media and science is very much evident in Terrorism. Terror means disastrous fear. It becomes highly destructive and leading us towards the Holocaust. This paper proposes to examine the role of media in Terrorism. Really, it is the need of the hour that we should have to awaken our society. Technology has enabled Terrorism and Terrorism to create havoc in the world. But at the same time there are so many solutions which can be found &amp; implemented by the technologies. Therefore, here in such circumstances, we have to take an oath to fight against Terrorism and establish ourselves well equipped and enforced. It will also not come to happen without the optimum utilization of technology. The paper illustrates definition, types, history of Terrorism and history of Terrorists group too in brief. It also gives an outline of Terrorism by ideology, involvement of state etc. A successful attempt has also been made to rule out the basic cause of terrorism and role of media in terrorism. As Terrorism appears to be one of the burning issues in present state of world However, this paper is going evaluate the role of media in the Terrorism

A CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF SHANKHPUSHPYADI YOGA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF VYANBALVRIDDHI W.S.R. TO HYPERTENSION

Changing lifestyle is responsible for increase in number of people suffering from Hypertension, Stress, Diabetes mellitus, Obesity, Heart ailments and other Non Communicable diseases. Among these life-style disorders hypertension is an important public health challenge worldwide. The disease Hypertension has no such clear cut reference in Ayurvedic texts. Eminent Ayurvedic scholar Vaidhya Brihaspati Dev Triguna Padam Vibhushan correlated high blood pressure with Vyana BalaVridhi. He postulated that increased Vyana Bala is responsible for increased Arterial pressure. Present study was conducted to explore evidence based therapeutic potential of Shankhpushpyadi Yoga&nbsp;in the management of Vyan Bal Vriddhi w.s.r. to Hypertension. The patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria and voluntarily wiling for trial were registered from O.P.D. &amp; I.P.D. Dept. of Kayachikitsa R.G.G.P.G.AYU Hospital, Paprola. The Clinical trial was approved by I.E.C. The trial formulation contains Hydroalcoholic extract of Shankhpushpi 150 mg, Bhumyamlaki 250 mg, Punarnava 200 mg, Jatamanshi and Sarpagandha 100 mg each. &nbsp;Clinical trial was of 45 days and total 30 patients were registered for the same.After45days analysis revealed that out of 30 patients, 4 patients showed excellent improvement,15 showed marked, 7 showed mild improvement and no improvement was noted in 2 patients. The mean systolic blood pressure before treatment was 148.71 mm of Hg which dropped to 140.14 mm of Hg at the end of 45 days therapy, with 5.28% reduction. The mean diastolic blood pressure before treatment was 95 mm of Hg which dropped to 87.142 mm of Hg at completion of trial with 8.27% reduction which was statistically significant. &nbsp;Shankhpushpyadi yoga proved to be an effective and safe remedy for patients of Hypertension.&nbsp

Plasma Membrane-Associated Restriction Factors and Their Counteraction by HIV-1 Accessory Proteins.

The plasma membrane is a site of conflict between host defenses and many viruses. One aspect of this conflict is the host's attempt to eliminate infected cells using innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune mechanisms that recognize features of the plasma membrane characteristic of viral infection. Another is the expression of plasma membrane-associated proteins, so-called restriction factors, which inhibit enveloped virions directly. HIV-1 encodes two countermeasures to these host defenses: The membrane-associated accessory proteins Vpu and Nef. In addition to inhibiting cell-mediated immune-surveillance, Vpu and Nef counteract membrane-associated restriction factors. These include BST-2, which traps newly formed virions at the plasma membrane unless counteracted by Vpu, and SERINC5, which decreases the infectivity of virions unless counteracted by Nef. Here we review key features of these two antiviral proteins, and we review Vpu and Nef, which deplete them from the plasma membrane by co-opting specific cellular proteins and pathways of membrane trafficking and protein-degradation. We also discuss other plasma membrane proteins modulated by HIV-1, particularly CD4, which, if not opposed in infected cells by Vpu and Nef, inhibits viral infectivity and increases the sensitivity of the viral envelope glycoprotein to host immunity