Challenges faced by the LGBTQ community- A comparative study between India and Australia.

The challenges of sexual minorities are often underscored in the world and taken a backseat. But to effectively use Gender mainstreaming as a base for policy work, we need to change that. This article broadly investigates the challenges faced by the LGBTQ community in a comparative format. Giving due weightage to the global perspective, this article tries to analyse the challenges faced by a developing country, India and a developed country, Australia. The aim of the study, simply speaking, is to derive at what stage are we in the liberalization of LGBTQ compared to a developed country, what are the historical factors that have influenced the progress, if any. The researchertook up this topic because as a citizen in this democratic country, it is incredibly concerningto hear about the challenges that the LGBTQ have to face and a positive change in the country’s mindset is the need of the hour. The researcher has employed doctrinal methodology in the research paper to arrive at the results. After carefully dissecting the historical background, the challenges and the subsequent suggestions of the LGBTQ community in India and Australia, the researcher has arrived at some results. India, currently, is at the initial stages of reforms in the LGBTQ community as compared to Australia and some of it can be attributed to the different perspectives of a culturally and religiously rich India. In terms of awareness and acceptance rate, India is quite low. Most of the challenges faced by the community are due to lack of awareness and knowledge. But to give credit when it’s due, India has come a long way and fought a hard battle. It isn’t going to be easy in the coming future but what we need is an educated and upstanding youth community. The reforms will follow accordingly

REVIEW PAPER ON DWDM TECHNOLOGY

DWDM system and the need of this system is discussed along with the operation of each component. The increasing demands of bandwidth lead to the enhancement in DWDM. The components of DWDM system are individually discussed. Various advantages and disadvantages of DWDM technology are discussed. The maintenance of optical signal quality and the factors that is important while the design and operation of DWDM are seen. The advantages of DWDM make this technology ideal for communication and other applications

Isolation, identification of Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica and screening of tomato parental lines for buckeye rot resistance

Buckeye rot disease of tomato which is one of the most devastating diseases of tomato crop is caused by soil born fungus Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica. In present study, the pathogen was isolated, morphologically identified and its pathogenicity was proved on susceptible commercial variety Solan Lalima and resistant line EC-251649 of tomato. Isolation of pathogen from the infected tomato fruit was achieved on Corn Meal Agar (CMA) out of two different media viz., Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and CMA. Fungal inoculum was prepared on Corn Meal broth. Inoculation with 10 ml of inoculum was found optimum in plant parts namely, stem, leaves and fruits. Parental lines were inoculated to test their disease reaction to buckeye rot. Symptoms of infection appeared on leaves and fruits only. Solan Lalima was found to be highly susceptible to with disease severity of 92 % and 100 % disease incidence, while EC-251649 was found moderately resistant on the basis of 16 % disease severity and 10 % disease incidence to the disease. After confirmation of resistance and susceptibility, the parental lines were surveyed for polymorphism using 42 primers and 32 were recorded to be polymorphic revealing that the differences are present at DNA level also. This is the very first study which evaluated parental lines for buckeye rot disease reaction on morphological as well as molecular basis. These lines will be further used for quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis/gene tagging for buckeye rot and marker assisted selection to provide improved varieties to the farmers

Knowledge and perception of magnetic resonance imaging safety among patients

Background: MRI knowledge and safety are very important not for only MRI technicians, doctors, professionals but also for patients who are undergoing MRI examination.  The key purpose of this research to evaluate the knowledge and perception of MRI Safety among patients, as accidents can happen due to patient’s insufficient knowledge regarding MRI. Method: The retrospective study was performed around 50 patients at Maharishi Markandeshwar institute of medical sciences and research, Ambala, Haryana. Questionnaire design was used to assess their knowledge and perception. The questionnaire form was filled by an investigator directly discussion with patients and the data was collected and analyzed using Microsoft excel sheet. Result: It was assessed that how much knowledge and what is the perception of MRI study among patients. There were 23 (46%) female and f 27 (54%) male in different age group. In response to question regarding how patients felt before MRI scan, 16% patients felt panic, 10% sensed fear and panic, fear and anxiety were experienced by 6% patients, fear was the emotion that 15 patients (30%) suffered, anxiety as the sole was felt by 7 (14%), for 2 (4%) regret was the sensation and 10 patients (20%) didn’t have any issue. Conclusions: The conclusion of this research depicted that majority of the patients were in dark with relation to the knowledge and perception of MRI. It is crucial to explain to the patients about the contraindications and rules regarding the MRI scan

Male Genitoplasty for Intersex Disorders

Aim. To evaluate surgical procedures adopted for male genitoplasty in intersex disorders. Patients and Methods. Case records of intersex patients undergoing male genitoplasty from Pediatric Intersex clinic were studied. Results. Of 356 intersex cases undergoing urethroplasty from 1989–2007, the hypospadias was penoscrotal (68%), scrotal (17%) and perineal (15%). 351 patients underwent chordee correction for mild: moderate: severe chordee in 24 : 136 : 191 cases. Byars flaps were fixed upto the corona in 267 cases. Urethroplasty performed was Theirsch duplay in 335 cases, Snodgrass in 16 cases and Ducketts onlay graft in 5 cases that did not require chordee correction. Age at urethroplasty was 2.5 years—22 years (mean 11.5 years, median—5.6 years). Penoscrotal transposition correction and testicular prosthesis insertion were performed independently. Complications included fistula (45), recurrent fistula (11), stricture (12), baggy urethra (8) and recurrent infection due to persistent vaginal pouch (5). Additional distal urethroplasty was required in 15 patients for previous urethroplasty done upto the corona 5–15 years earlier. Conclusion. Hypospadias in intersex disorders is associated with severe chordee in most cases and requires an early chordee correction to allow phallic growth, staged urethroplasty and multiple surgeries to achieve good cosmetic and functional results

Impact of Radiation and Slip Conditions on MHD Flow of Nanofluid Past an Exponentially Stretched Surface

The current research establishes magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) boundary layer flow with heat and mass transfer of a nanofluid over an exponentially extending sheet embedded in a porous medium. During this exploration, nanoparticles, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are recruited, while lamp fuel oil is being utilised as a base fluid for the diffusion of nano materials. The effects of warm radiation and an inclined magnetic field are included. In addition, rather than no-slip assumptions at the surface, velocity slides as well as thermal upsurge are incorporated in this study. Similarity transformations are implemented to adapt a set of partial differential equations into a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations. The bvp4c solver and Keller-box approach are employed to tackle nonlinear ordinary differential equations numerically. The significance of prominent parameters such as the Darcy Forchheimer model, magnetic field, radiation, suction, velocity slip, and temperature jump is visually probed and addressed in depth. In fact, the evolution of the coefficient of skin friction and percentage of heat shipping (Nusselt number) for both SWCNTs and MWCNTs is presented in tabular form. The temperature goes up as the magnetic parameter rises. Temperature has been seen to be decreased as the thermal slip parameter is improved. The results indicate that SWCNTs yield a higher coefficient of skin friction and speed of heat transformation than MWCNTs

Sinomenine inhibits microglial activation by Aβ and confers neuroprotection

Abstract Background Neuroinflammation is an important contributor to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Thus, there is a keen interest in identifying compounds, especially from herbal sources, that can inhibit neuroinflammation. Amyloid-β (Aβ) is a major component of the amyloid plaques present in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. Here, we examined whether sinomenine, present in a Chinese medicinal plant, prevents oligomeric Aβ-induced microglial activation and confers protection against neurotoxicity. Methods Oligomeric amyloid-β was prepared from Aβ(1-42). Intracellular reactive oxygen species production was determined using the dye 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate. Nitric oxide level was assessed using the Griess reagent. Flow cytometry was used to examine the levels of inflammatory molecules. BV2-conditioned medium was used to treat hippocampal cell line (HT22) and primary hippocampal cells in indirect toxicity experiments. Toxicity was assessed using MTT reduction and TUNEL assays. Results We found that sinomenine prevents the oligomeric Aβ-induced increase in levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in BV2 microglial cells. In addition, sinomenine reduces levels of Aβ-induced inflammatory molecules. Furthermore, sinomenine protects hippocampal HT22 cells as well as primary hippocampal cells from indirect toxicity mediated by Aβ-treated microglial cells, but has no effect on Aβ-induced direct toxicity to HT22 cells. Finally, we found that conditioned medium from Aβ-treated BV2 cells contains increased levels of nitric oxide and inflammatory molecules, but the levels of these molecules are reduced by sinomenine. Conclusions Sinomenine prevents oligomeric Aβ-induced microglial activation, and confers protection against indirect neurotoxicity to hippocampal cells. These results raise the possibility that sinomenine may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's diseases as well as other diseases that involve neuroinflammation.</p