Neuroimaging in pediatric seizures

Background: Accurate etiological diagnosis of seizures in children is important to begin an effective treatment. MRI is an excellent neuroimaging tool that is highly accurate. It helps in diagnosis, determining the treatment protocol and predicting the outcome. Dedicated studies in paediatric population using MRI brain have been even fewer till date in India. Current study aims to find the common etiology of pediatric seizures on MRI in a developing country like India.Methods: Hospital based retrospective study. 105 cases in age group between 0 months to 12 years. Seen between 2014 till date included in the study. All cases underwent MRI.Results: Most common imaging findings were inflammatory granuloma in 10 (9.5%). Other findings were- Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in 5 (4.7%), cerebral atrophy in 2 (1.9%), focal dysmyelination in 3 (2.8%), calcifying granuloma in 3 (2.8%) and periventricular leucomalacia in 2 (1.9%). Uncommon findings were that of lissencephaly, dysgenesis of corpus callosum, mesial temporal sclerosis, AV malformation, periventricular hemorrhage, schizencephaly, abscess and infarction in one child each (0.9% each). 69 children had no abnormal findings in brain.Conclusions: The commonest etiology of seizures is inflammatory granuloma. Early recognition of potentially treatable diseases helps in timely treatment and arrest of progression of disease. It is highly recommended to use MRI as primary investigation for seizures. Every effort should be made to provide facility of MRI for management of seizures in all parts of India

Role of Apamarga Yavakshara in the management of Mutrashmari - A Conceptual Study

Mutrashmari is one of the most common disorders of the Mutravaha Srotas. It is one of the Astamahagada and considered as "Yama” because sometimes it causes acute excruciating pain.[1] In contemporary medical science it is correlated with urolithiasis. Symptoms in general include radiating pain from loin to groin, hematuria, burning micturition, malaise. Prevalence of Urolithiasis varies according to geographical distribution, sex and age. The treatment modalities of urolithiasis in conventional science are conservative medications and surgical procedures which are expensive, involve invasive treatments, needs hospitalization and in most of the cases recurrence rate is high. Ayurveda explains variety of Yogas for the management of Mutrashmari. A combination of Apamarga and Yava Kshara is indicated in Mutrashmari as per Rasatarangini.[2] So this study is taken up, to explore the combined effect of Apamarga and Yava Kshara in Mutrashmari keeping in view the shortcomings of different modern medical treatments

Optimized Visual Internet of Things in Video Processing for Video Streaming

The global expansion of the Visual Internet of Things (VIoT) has enabled various new applications during the last decade through the interconnection of a wide range of devices and sensors.Frame freezing and buffering are the major artefacts in broad area of multimedia networking applications occurring due to significant packet loss and network congestion. Numerous studies have been carried out in order to understand the impact of packet loss on QoE for a wide range of applications. This paper improves the video streaming quality by using the proposed framework Lossy Video Transmission (LVT)  for simulating the effect of network congestion on the performance of  encrypted static images sent over wireless sensor networks.The simulations are intended for analysing video quality and determining packet drop resilience during video conversations.The assessment of emerging trends in quality measurement, including picture preference, visual attention, and audio visual quality is checked. To appropriately quantify the video quality loss caused by the encoding system, various encoders compress video sequences at various data rates.Simulation results for different QoE metrics with respect to user developed videos have been demonstrated which outperforms the existing metrics

Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding digital well-being features and their association with screen time and addiction in Maharashtra, India

Background: Digital service providers have come up with certain ‘digital well-being features’ as a step towards tackling harmful effects of screen overuse on physical and mental health. However, the awareness and use of the same remains scant. Our objective was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding digital well-being features in the adult population of Maharashtra, India and the associations and correlations of the practice of using these features with screen time and degree of screen addiction. Methods: A cross-sectional online questionnaire-based study was conducted among 335 participants who were selected using quota sampling and were administered a smartphone addiction scale and a self-designed questionnaire at KEM Hospital, Mumbai. Results: More than 60% participants were aware about digital well-being features and had positive attitudes towards them. Total of 65.4% participants were digital wellbeing feature users. Correlation of digital hygiene score and digital wellbeing score was found neither with addiction nor with the average screen time. Conclusions: Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding digital well-being features were adequate among the urban population of Maharashtra. However, their use was not found to be associated with reduced screen time or a low screen addiction score. With further development and standardization, these features can be a useful tool for prevention of screen overuse and addiction

INFLUENCE OF CARBON AND NITROGEN SOURCE ON GROWTH, DON AND NIV PRODUCTION BY TWO SPECIES OF FUSARIUM ISOLATED FROM FINGER MILLETS

Objective: Influence of different carbon [C] and nitrogen [N] source on the growth and Deoxynivalenol [DON] and Nivalenol [NIV] production by Fusarium aethiopicum and Fusarium culmorum was investigated.Methods: Seven days old monosporic cultures of F. aethiopicum strain GSKUMB [KJ21085] and F. culmorum strain GSKUMB [KJ190159] were grown in CYA broth and incubated at 27±2°C on the rotary shaker at 120 rpm for 21 days. At the end of incubation period, cultures were harvested for determination of fungal growth (biomass). The resultant culture filtrates were extracted twice with ethyl acetate and concentrated. One ml of final concentrate in methanol was employed for detection of DON and NIV with the help of RP-HPLC.Results: The highest amount of DON and NIV were produced by F. aethiopicum in the presence of D-mannose and D-galactose as C source, while the highest amount of biomass was recorded on maltose and succinic acid. F. culmorum produced maximum amount of toxins in the presence of D-glucose, D-mannitol and D-fructose. Sodium nitrate was most favorable nitrogen source as it induced maximum amount of toxins by F. aethiopicum, while L-methionine, L-asparatic acid and L-tryptophan were next preferred N source. In contrast, highest biomass of fungus was obtained with L-lysine, L-glutamine and L-tyrosine. F. culmorum produced maximum amount of toxin and biomass with potassium nitrate and L-tyrosine respectively.Conclusion: Present species of Fusarium differed varied both in toxins (DON, and NIV) and biomass production. Their response of fungi under investigation towards C and N sources is also varied.Â

Effect of Co Doping on Structural and Magnetic Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Novel Combustion Synthesis

ZnO is a wide band gap semiconductor (3.37 eV) with a high exciton binding energy (60 meV), which has wide applications in advanced optoelectronic devices. The theoretical prediction of room temperature ferromagnetism will be possible through the investigation of diluted magnetic semiconductors such as transition metal doped ZnO, especially Cobalt doped ZnO. The aim of the work is to synthesize Zn1 – xCoxO (x = 0 and x = 0.20) nanostructures through a novel urea based auto combustion method and its characterization. The Structural and Magnetic studies of the synthesized Zn1 – xCoxO Nano powders were carried out by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) technique and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), respectively. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3097

FACTORS INFLUENCE ON GROWTH, DON AND NIV PRODUCTION BY TWO SPECIES OF FUSARIUM ISOLATED FROM FINGER MILLETS [ELEUSINE CORACANA L.]

Objective: The present investigations (In vitro) on an influence of different synthetic and food based [flour] media, pH, temperature and microbial nutrients on growth, Deoxynivalenol [DON] and Nivalenol [NIV] production by Fusarium aethiopicum and F. culmorum was carried out.Methods: Fusarium species associated with the finger millets were isolated and identified phenotypically and further confirmed by molecular methods by Polymerase Chain Reaction [PCR]. Monosporic seven day old F. aethiopicum and F. culmorum were grown in CYA broth and incubated at 27±2°C on rotary shaker for 21 days at 120 rpm. At the end of 21 day incubation period, cultures were harvested for determination of fungal biomass. The resultant culture filtrates were extracted twice with ethyl acetate and concentrated to get and final concentration of 1 ml in methanol and employed for RP-HPLC analysis for detection of DON and NIV production.Results: Finger millets flour medium induced the highest amount of mycelial growth, DON and NIV production by F. aethiopicum. However, F. culmorum achieved highest amount of hyphal growth, DON and NIV production under the influence of yeast extract sucrose [YES] medium. Maize flour medium, rice flour medium and sorghum flour medium was next preffered substrates. Optimum pH of 5.5-6.5 and temperature of 20-35°C for growth, DON and NIV production was observed. Both the species of Fusarium failed to grow and produce toxins at pH 2.5-3.5 and temperature of 40°C. Yeast extract was most favorable for maximum DON and NIV production, which increased with an increase in its concentration. On the other hand, malt extract and beef extract induced good growth and mycotoxin production at comparatively higher concentration in both the species of Fusarium under study.Conclusion: Comparatively food based media were the better substrates than synthetic media for both growth and DOIN and NIV production by two species of Fusarium under investigation. A positive correlation coefficient [r] on growth [0.458], DON [0.744] and NIV [0.882] was recorded among the media and both the species of Fusarium