Community Versus Assimilation: A Study In American Assimilation at Saint Joseph\u27s Indian Industrial School

No govemment policy has had more of an impact on American Indians than the boarding school movement of the early to mid-twentieth century. This movement isolated American Indian children from their homes and communities and attempted to assimilate them into European-American society. This article studies the effects of this policy on children at the Saint Joseph\u27s Indian Industrial School in Wisconsin. It uses oral history to recapture the voices and experiences of teachers and students. The use of oral history allows a comprehensive understanding of the cultural, social and academic atmosphere of the school

[Review of] Robert Utley, Battlefield and Classroom: An Autobiography of Richard Henry Pratt

Battlefield and classroom is an important book that looks at a crucial era in American Indian history. Robert Utley\u27s notes have done an excellent job in making Richard Pratt and his motivations and impact on American Indian tribal life accessible to the average reader while retaining the book\u27s value as a scholarly work. It is a must read for those attempting to understand the importance of the boarding school era. With this book, Utley has successfully reopened the debate that has surrounded Richard Pratt and his motives

[Review of] Marilyn Halter, Shopping for Identity: The Marketing of Ethnicity

Marilyn Halter has written an informative book on the interaction between the marketplace and ethnic identity in the United States. Her book fills an important gap in ethnic studies literature. While research abounds on the role the marketplace has played in the Americanization of immigrants, few scholars have researched its role in the maintenance of ethnic identity

Global Journalist: Mugabe's press crackdown during re-election: President Bush's Asia trip

On this February 21, 2002 Global Journalist program, host Stuart Loory speaks with four journalists about the controversial campaign of Zimbabwe's incumbent candidate for president, Robert Mugabe. They also talk about the status of relations between North Korea, South Korea, Japan and the United States following a trip from U.S. President George W. Bush to the Demilitarized Zone on the North-South Korea Border. Host: Stuart Loory. Guests: Michael Zielenziger, Woosuk (Ken) Choi, Basildon Peta, Kurt Shillinger. Director: Mary Furness. Producer: Sarah Andrea Fajardo

Development of an automatic tensioning control system for a replenishment-at-sea winch arrangement.

http://www.archive.org/details/developmentofaut00shilN

Behavioral responses to linear accelerations in blind goldfish

Blind goldfish were subjected to linear accelerations on a motor car and on a parallel swing. Moyements of the fish in a tank during the accelerations were recorded with a movie camera. During the horizontal acceleration, the fish aligns his longitudinal axis in a plane perpendicular to the direction of an apparent gravity with the fish's back pointing away from the direction of this apparent gravity vector. This is similar to the manner in which the fish usually aligns himself horizontally in response to the vertically downward terrestrial gravity and can therefore be termed ‘gravity reference response’. It is concluded that blind goldfish cannot distinguish between otolith displacements caused by passive tilts and equivalent otolith displacements caused by moderate inertial forces during rectilinear acceleration. With a horizontal jerk of higher magnitude, two additional responses can occur: horizontal 180° turns following tailward jerks and straight forward darting following noseward jerks.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43351/1/11084_2004_Article_BF00924211.pd

Predicting residence time using a continuous‐time discrete‐space model of leatherback turtle satellite telemetry data

The utilization and capabilities of biotelemetry are expanding enormously as technology and access rapidly improve. These large, correlated datasets pose statistical challenges requiring advanced statistical techniques to appropriately interpret and model animal movement. We used satellite telemetry data of critically endangered Eastern Pacific leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) to develop a habitat‐based model of their motility (and conversely residence time) using a hierarchical Bayesian framework, which could be broadly applied across species. To account for the spatiotemporally auto‐correlated, unbalanced, and presence‐only telemetry observations, in combination with dynamic environmental variables, a novel modeling approach was applied. We expanded a Poisson generalized linear model in a continuous‐time discrete‐space (CTDS) model framework to predict individual leatherback movement based on environmental drivers, such as sea surface temperature. Population‐level movement estimates were then obtained with a Bayesian approach and used to create monthly, near real‐time predictions of Eastern Pacific leatherback movement in the South Pacific Ocean. This model framework will inform the development of a dynamic ocean management model, “South Pacific TurtleWatch (SPTW),” and could be applied to telemetry data from other populations and species to predict motility and residence times in dynamic environments, while accounting for statistical uncertainties arising at multiple stages of telemetry analysi

Movement Patterns for a Critically Endangered Species, the Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), Linked to Foraging Success and Population Status

Foraging success for pelagic vertebrates may be revealed by horizontal and vertical movement patterns. We show markedly different patterns for leatherback turtles in the North Atlantic versus Eastern Pacific, which feed on gelatinous zooplankton that are only occasionally found in high densities. In the Atlantic, travel speed was characterized by two modes, indicative of high foraging success at low speeds (<15 km d−1) and transit at high speeds (20–45 km d−1). Only a single mode was evident in the Pacific, which occurred at speeds of 21 km d−1 indicative of transit. The mean dive depth was more variable in relation to latitude but closer to the mean annual depth of the thermocline and nutricline for North Atlantic than Eastern Pacific turtles. The most parsimonious explanation for these findings is that Eastern Pacific turtles rarely achieve high foraging success. This is the first support for foraging behaviour differences between populations of this critically endangered species and suggests that longer periods searching for prey may be hindering population recovery in the Pacific while aiding population maintenance in the Atlantic

Persistent Leatherback Turtle Migrations Present Opportunities for Conservation

Effective transboundary conservation of highly migratory marine animals requires international management cooperation as well as clear scientific information about habitat use by these species. Populations of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) in the eastern Pacific have declined by >90% during the past two decades, primarily due to unsustainable egg harvest and fisheries bycatch mortality. While research and conservation efforts on nesting beaches are ongoing, relatively little is known about this population of leatherbacks' oceanic habitat use and migration pathways. We present the largest multi-year (2004–2005, 2005–2006, and 2007) satellite tracking dataset (12,095 cumulative satellite tracking days) collected for leatherback turtles. Forty-six females were electronically tagged during three field seasons at Playa Grande, Costa Rica, the largest extant nesting colony in the eastern Pacific. After completing nesting, the turtles headed southward, traversing the dynamic equatorial currents with rapid, directed movements. In contrast to the highly varied dispersal patterns seen in many other sea turtle populations, leatherbacks from Playa Grande traveled within a persistent migration corridor from Costa Rica, past the equator, and into the South Pacific Gyre, a vast, low-energy, low-productivity region. We describe the predictable effects of ocean currents on a leatherback migration corridor and characterize long-distance movements by the turtles in the eastern South Pacific. These data from high seas habitats will also elucidate potential areas for mitigating fisheries bycatch interactions. These findings directly inform existing multinational conservation frameworks and provide immediate regions in the migration corridor where conservation can be implemented. We identify high seas locations for focusing future conservation efforts within the leatherback dispersal zone in the South Pacific Gyre