Memorias de la migración: Aculturación e identidad en hijos de migrantes japoneses en el Perú

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo describir y analizar el proceso de aculturación y formación de la identidad en hijos de migrantes japoneses en el Perú. Para tal fin se realizó una investigación cualitativa con un diseño de análisis narrativo. Esta investigación contó con 6 entrevistas en profundidad a hijos e hijas de migrantes japoneses nacidas entre 1924 y 1938. Las narrativas de los participantes permitieron identificar dos momentos que reflejan dos estilos diferenciados de aculturación en los miembros de las comunidades nikkeis en el Perú, además de distintas configuraciones identitarias correspondientes a cada momento del proceso de aculturación. En un principio, los migrantes japoneses y sus hijos expresan estrategias aculturativas de separación. Durante esta etapa, se adoptó una preferencia identitaria “más japonesa que peruana” donde las prácticas culturales japonesas eran más frecuentes. Sin embargo, la derrota de Japón en la segunda guerra mundial forzó a los descendientes japoneses y a sus hijos integrarse moderadamente a la sociedad peruana, ya que pierden las esperanzas de retorno al Japón y no tenían más opción que vivir en el Perú, adaptando de esta manera, una estrategia de integración moderada. Esta investigación permite identificar una transición progresiva de la identidad de los hijos de migrantes en el transcurso de los años la cual se fue tornando a más “bicultural”.The present research aims to describe and analyze the process of acculturation and identity formation in children of Japanese migrants in Peru. For this purpose, a qualitative research was carried out with a narrative analysis design. This research included 6 in-depth interviews with sons and daughters of Japanese migrants born between 1924 and 1938 years. The narratives of the participants allowed the identification of two moments reflecting two different styles of acculturation in the members of the Nikkei communities in Peru, in addition to different identity configurations corresponding to each moment of the acculturation process. Initially, Japanese migrants and their children express acculturative strategies of separation. During this stage, a “more Japanese than Peruvian” identity preference was adopted where Japanese cultural practices were more frequent. However, the defeat of Japan in the Second World War forced Japanese descendants and their children to moderately integrate into Peruvian society, as they lose hope of returning to Japan and had no choice but to live in Peru, adapting from this way, a moderate integration strategy. This research makes it possible to identify a progressive transition of the identity of the children of migrants over the years, which became more “bicultural”

Environmental and Economic Efficiency of Comprehensive Technology of Sulfur Oxides, Nitrogen Oxides and Mercury Removal from Flue Gases

The article reviews the issues of environmental and economic efficiency of the comprehensive technology of removing sulphur and nitrogen oxides and mercury from flue gases. The purpose of the study is to justify the choice of the methods for the analysis of environmental and economic effectiveness of the designed air protection activities and to perform a number of calculations. The article analyses main processing methods for reducing the concentration of sulfur and nitrogen oxides in the flue gases from the combustion of coal fuels, thus generating maximum ecological and economic benefits. The main result of the work is development of the adapted system of technical, environmental and economic indicators characterizing the high efficiency of the proposed technical solutions. The results of the study can be recommended to heating enterprises in support of effective environment-friendly management decisions justifying implementation of appropriate flue gas cleaning technologies

Some methodological aspects of conducting and evaluating adult health check-up: a systematic review of regulatory public health documentation in the Russian Federation

Background. The Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws define the main postulates of the methodology for preventive measures as a priority in the field of public health. Sectoral regulatory legal acts, namely, orders of the Ministry of Health of Russia present the methodology as a system of principles and methods for organizing preventive activities, including health check-ups of the adult population. The effectiveness of the largest preventive measure of the Russian health care system — health check-ups of certain groups of the adult population — depends on the quality and validity of the methodological provisions of the regulatory legal act.Objective. To assess the completeness and objectivity of methodological approaches to conducting and evaluating medical check-ups of certain groups of the adult population, reflected in regulatory legal acts.Methods. The research methodology involved a systematic review of the regulatory documentation of the Russian Federation in the field of health care from January 2012 to December 2022 to verify the basics of the methodology for conducting and evaluating preventive measures for certain groups of the adult population. The information was searched in the database of the ConsultantPlus legal reference system and on the official website of the Ministry of Health (Russian Federation), as well as in the electronic databases of the CyberLeninka and eLIBRARY.RU scientific electronic libraries. The study involved the methods of content analysis, analytical generalization, analogies, and formalization. Data analysis was focused on the organization of the health check-up of the adult population, the evaluation of its performance and effectiveness in accordance with regulatory legal acts, as well as the assessment of the quality of data obtained during the check-up.Results. A dynamic retrospective study of the regulatory framework, including the orders of the Ministry of Health of Russia, both those that have expired and those that are currently in force, identified methodological shortcomings in conducting and evaluating medical check-ups. The methodology for health check-ups of the adult population is reflected in regulatory acts. However, their number exceeds one or several documents, thereby creating a certain complexity in their interpretation and use in practice. The methodology for assessing and monitoring the implementation of health check-ups appears to be poorly defined, since it is based on a single indicator — coverage of the population with preventive check-ups and clinical examinations, thereby failing to reflect the real effect of the largest preventive measure of the state health care system. The issue requires new methodological approaches to conducting and evaluating health check-ups as a whole. The study and evaluation of check-up results is based on the statistical data analysis with imperfect methodology for collecting the data. This negatively affects the quality of statistical data, thereby leading to inadequate interpretation of the data and, as a result, to erroneous management decisions made at all levels of the executive branch.Conclusion. It is advisable to develop general methodology for conducting medical check-ups, and to consider the feasibility of creating an integral indicator for evaluating them. Specialists in the field of health care, as well as in related fields, should be involved for this purpose. A medical health officer should be assigned to coordinate the development of a methodology for organizing, conducting and evaluating health check-ups

Initiation of NALT Organogenesis Is Independent of the IL-7R, LTβR, and NIK Signaling Pathways but Requires the Id2 Gene and CD3−CD4+CD45+ Cells

AbstractInitiation of nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) development is independent of the programmed cytokine cascade necessary for the formation of Peyer's patches (PP) and peripheral lymph nodes (PLN), a cytokine cascade which consists of IL-7R, LTα1β2/LTβR, and NIK. However, the subsequent organization of NALT seems to be controlled by these cytokine signaling cascades since the maturation of NALT structure is generally incomplete in those cytokine cascade-deficient mice. NALT as well as PP and PLN are completely absent in Id2−/− mice. NALT organogenesis is initiated following the adoptive transfer of CD3−CD4+CD45+ cells into Id2−/− mice, constituting direct evidence that CD3−CD4+CD45+ inducer cells can provide an IL-7R-, LTα1β2/LTβR-, and NIK-independent tissue organogenesis pathway for secondary lymphoid tissue development

Фармакоэкономическая эффективность химиотерапии злокачественных новообразований бронхов и легкого

Aim: to conduct a pharmacoeconomic analysis of chemotherapy taking into account the types of malignant neoplasms of the bronchi and lung, and to calculate pharmacoeconomic efficiency.Materials and methods. The materials for the study were the data of the Moscow Cancer Hospital n.a. D.D. Pletnev for 2019. The cost of drugs was calculated according to the data of the website aptekamos.ru (for June 2019).Results and discussion. For 300 patients with squamous non-small cell lung cancer, it is required 3205.5 courses of chemotherapy of I (1747.5) and II (1458) lines. For 200 patients with non-small cell non-squamous EGFR positive lung cancer, it is required 1,413.1 courses of chemotherapy and targeted therapy. For 70 patients with non-squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer with ALK mutation, it is required 450.2 courses of chemotherapy and targeted therapy. For 280 patients with non-squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer lung cancer without mutations, it is required 7515 chemotherapy courses. For 150 patients with small cell lung cancer, it is required 1,656.8 courses of chemotherapy. Thus, a total sample of 1000 patients, excluding the type of malignant neoplasm of broncus and lung are required 14,239.8 chemotherapy courses. The determined cost of 67,000 rubles for the average chemotherapy course per patient takes into account the necessary colony stimulating factors, antiemetic, infusion solutions, etc.; in the case of treatment with erlotinib (the length of the course is 8 months), the cost is 663,408.0 rubles; in the case of treatment with crizotinib (the length of the course is 11 months course), the cost is 2044110.0 rubles. The average cost of drug therapy for one patient with malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung is 1136155.9 rubles.Conclusion. We determined the pharmacoeconomic dependence of a chemotherapy on the type of malignant neoplasms of bronchus and lung and the main anticancer drug used. The median of the overall survival rate of patients with malignant neoplasms of bronchus and lung was 42 months. The average cost of drug therapy was 27051.3 rubles per month. The median survival rate without therapy is 3 months. Thus, therapy can extend the patient’s life by an average of 39 months. The cost of a month of a saved life is 29132.2 rubles. Цель – проведение фармакоэкономического анализа химиотерапии с учетом типов злокачественного новообразования бронхов и легкого, расчет фармакоэкономической эффективности.Материалы и методы. Материалами для исследования послужили данные онкологического стационара ГБУЗ ГКБ им. Д.Д. Плетнева Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы за 2019 г. Стоимость лекарственных препаратов рассчитана по данным aptekamos.ru (июнь 2019 г.).Результаты и обсуждение. На 300 пациентов с плоскоклеточным немелкоклеточным раком легкого потребуется 3205,5 курсов химио терапий I (1747,5) и II (1458) линий. На 200 пациентов с немелкоклеточным неплоскоклеточным EGFR положительным раке легкого необходимо 1413,1 курсов химиотерапии и таргетной терапии. На 70 пациентов с немелкоклеточным неплоскоклеточным раком легкого с АЛК-мутацией приходится 450,2 курсов химиотерапии и таргетная терапия. На 280 пациентов с немелкоклеточным неплоскоклеточным раком легкого без мутаций потребуется 7515 курсов химиотерапии. На 150 пациентов с мелкоклеточным раком легкого необходимо 1656,8 курсов химиотерапии. Таким образом, на общую выборку из 1000 пациентов без учета типа злокачественного новообразования бронхов и легкого потребуется 14239,8 курсов химиотерапии. Определена стоимость среднестатистического курса химиотерапии в расчете на одного пациента – 67000 руб. (с учетом необходимых колониестимулирующих факторов, противорвотных, инфузионных растворов и т.д.); при лечении эрлотинибом (курс 8 месяцев) – 663408,0 руб.; кризотинибом (курс 11 месяцев) – 2044110,0 руб. Средняя стоимость медикаментозной терапии одного пациента со злокачественным новообразованием бронхов и легкого составила 1136155,9 руб.Заключение. Проведен фармакоэкономический анализ химиотерапии в зависимости от типа злокачественных новообразований бронхов и легкого и используемого основного противоопухолевого лекарственного средства. Медиана общей выживаемости пациентов со злокачественными новообразованиями бронхов и легкого составили 42 месяца. Средняя стоимость медикаментозной терапии – 27051,3 руб./месяц. Медиана выживаемости без терапии – 3 месяца. Таким образом, терапия позволяет продлить жизнь пациента в среднем на 39 месяцев. Стоимость месяца сохраненной жизни составит 29132,2 руб.

Synthesis of High-Purity Silica Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Method

Colloidal silica (silica sol) nanoparticles were synthesized by ammonia- and hydrochloric acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane with subsequent condensation and polymerization. Silica particles with the size of 12‒160 nm were obtained at different temperatures and ratios of the initial reactants and studied by means of TEM, AFM, IR spectroscopy and zeta-potential measurements. The reaction conditions providing the minimum particle size in the final product of the most complete hydrolysis were determined. At pH above 8.5, an increase in the SiO2 content of the sol to 23 wt.% did not change the particle size. At a low (~ 1.8 wt.%) SiO2 content of the sol, a wide variation in pH also did not exert a significant effect on the particle size. Stability of the silica sols synthesized in an alkaline medium was enhanced by the replacement of alcohol with water during evaporation at pH 8.5‒9.5. The possibility to produce silica sols with the required characteristics (particle size, pH, stability, purity, and SiO2 content in an aqueous or alcohol medium) makes them applicable in various industries

Synthesis of Nanoscale TiO2 and Study of the Effect of Their Crystal Structure on Single Cell Response

To study the effect of nanoscale titanium dioxide (TiO2) on cell responses, we synthesized four modifications of the TiO2 (amorphous, anatase, brookite, and rutile) capable of keeping their physicochemical characteristics in a cell culture medium. The modifications of nanoscale TiO2 were obtained by hydrolysis of TiCl4 and Ti(i-OC3H7)4 (TIP) upon variation of the synthesis conditions; their textural, morphological, structural, and dispersion characteristics were examined by a set of physicochemical methods: XRD, BET, SAXS, DLS, AFM, SEM, and HR-TEM. The effect of synthesis conditions (nature of precursor, pH, temperature, and addition of a complexing agent) on the structural-dispersion properties of TiO2 nanoparticles was studied. The hydrolysis methods providing the preparation of amorphous, anatase, brookite, and rutile modifications of TiO2 nanoparticles 3–5 nm in size were selected. Examination of different forms of TiO2 nanoparticles interaction with MDCK cells by transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections revealed different cell responses after treatment with different crystalline modifications and amorphous form of TiO2. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that direct contact of the nanoparticles with cell plasma membrane is the primary and critical step of their interaction and defines a subsequent response of the cell

The dependence of cylindrical resonator natural frequencies on the fluid density

The article examines the dependence of cylindrical resonator natural frequencies (sensitive element) on the density (mass) of different fluids flowing through it. The cylindrical resonators are being widely applied in automatic control systems of technological processes as oscillating transducer density meter. The article presents the experimental results that prove the dependence of natural frequencies and vibration amplitude on the fluid density