Potential anticancer activity of some medicinal plants in vitro and in vivo study

The public health burden caused by cancer is significant in both developing and developed nations. The ability of biological, chemical, or synthetic substances to prevent, inhibit, or stop the progression of carcinogenic is known as anticancer activity. To treat the condition, several synthetic drugs are utilized, however because of their toxicity, research is now being done to examine chemotherapeutic medicines produced from plants. A review of several in vivo and in vitro techniques for determining the anticancer activities of natural compounds from medicinal plants has thus been undertaken. In this study, 50 Indian anticancer medicinal plants from 35 families are presented, together with comprehensive data on the parts and extracts utilized, the model type employed, the cancer cell line types that were tested, etc. These plants are still utilized to treat numerous tumor forms, including lymphoma, sarcoma, leukemia, and carcinoma. All of plants are likely candidates for in vivo research since they have strong anticancer action in vitro

Portal Vein Aneurysm: Incidental Detection of Uncommon Entity as Cause of Chronic Abdominal Pain

Portal vein aneurysm is an uncommon anomaly. Both congenital and acquired cases are reported. We report a case of idiopathic probably congenital portal vein aneurysm incidentally detected on contrast CT. There was no evidence of any chronic liver disease or portal hypertension in this patient

Evaluation of endometrium by transvaginal ultrasonography and hysteroscopy and its correlation with histopathology in perimenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding at tertiary rural centre

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the commonest clinical presentation ac-counts for 33% gynaecological consultations and this proportion rises to 70% in perimenopausal and postmenopausal age group in any gynaecology clinic. The most probable etiology of abnormal uterine bleeding relates to the patients reproductive age. Various diagnostic techniques have been evolved over the periods to determine the etiology of abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women, but their accuracy has not been compared properly. The aim of study is to evaluate the endometrium by transvaginal ultrasonography and hysteroscopy and its correlation with histopathology in perimenopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: Total 96 patients in perimenopausal age group, admitted with chief complaints of ab-normal uterine bleeding were included. All patients underwent transvaginal ultrasonography and hysteroscopy, followed by hysteroscopy guided biopsy and histopathological examination. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated for both methods and compared, considering histopathological diagnosis as gold standard.Results: Mean age of patients was 44.05±3.29. Hysteroscopy has high accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value than Transvaginal sonography for diagnosis of all endometrial and intrauterine pathologies.Conclusions: Hysteroscopy results are more consistent with the results of histopathology. Hysteroscopy and hysteroscopy guided biopsy has been proven as gold standard for endometrial evaluation of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. TVS can be used as most cost effective first step investigation in cases of perimenopausal bleeding

Maternal and perinatal outcomes of rupture uterus at rural tertiary care institution: a retrospective study

Background: Rupture of the pregnant uterus is a life threatening, preventable obstetric complication associated with high maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence, maternal and perinatal outcome of rupture uterus at a rural tertiary care institution.Methods: Retrospective study included all uterine rupture cases booked or unbooked in hospital over a period of 6 years from January 2009-December 2014. In all patient’s case files, labour room and theatre records were reviewed and analyzed. Uterine rupture cases were categorized into complete and incomplete. Complete rupture was defined as full thickness uterine wall defect and incomplete rupture as small uterine wall defect. Only complete uterine rupture cases were included in the study. Cases with uterine dehiscence or other partial defects of uterine wall were excluded.Results: Total of 57 cases of uterine rupture was managed during the 6 years study period. In this period there were a total of 28,607 deliveries, giving a ratio of 1:502 and incidence of uterine rupture was calculated to be 0.199%. There were 43 (75.4%) rupture in scarred and 14 (24.56%) rupture in unscarred uterus. Majority (52.63%) were in age group 21-30 years, 42.10% cases were in age group 31-40 years. Maximum (91.2%) patient were between paraity 1 and parity 4, at 36-40 weeks of gestational age. 89.5% unbooked, 59.6% of rupture were managed with scar repair, 36.84% had bilateral tubal ligation done along with scar repair. 40.3% underwent hysterectomy (subtotal 29.82% and total abdominal hysterectomy 10.52%). Commonest complication was anemia for which multiple transfusions were given. In 5.3% bladder repair was done. Maternal mortality due to rupture was 8.77%. Perinatal mortality was 85.9%.Conclusions: Incidence of rupture is very high in our rural tertiary center. Mortality and complications due to rupture can be decreased by regular antenatal visits, early referral, taking timely and active interventions and blood transfusions

Intravenous infusion of tramadol - a safe labour analgesia

Background: Tramadol has less maternal sedative effect and less neonatal depression, combines the mechanism of action of opioids and tricyclic antidepressants, now widely used for postoperative and obstetric analgesia. The aim the present study was to assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous infusion of tramadol as a safe analgesia for labour.Methods: The study was conducted on hundred primigravida with vertex presentation in active phase of labour. The following points were noted, (1) the time of onset of pain relief; (2) the degree of pain relief. (3) Maternal and foetal adverse effects.Results: Good relief of pain in 27 patient and moderate relief of pain in 16 patient and mild relief of pain in 7 patients was observed. The average time of onset in pain relief was 13 minutes. Majority of the parturients did not suffer from any adverse effects in our study.Conclusions: The tramadol hydrochloride intravenous infusion is safe and effective analgesia for labour

Petroleum-Based Plastics Versus Bio-Based Plastics: A Review

Plastic needs have expanded along with population growth, industrialization, and urbanization. Plastic is unrivaled due to its useful properties and is used to prepare numerous important goods daily. This paper encloses the different kinds and applications of petroleum-based plastic and the drawbacks related to their use, i.e., its nonbiodegradability which leads to their stay in the environment for a very long time. Additionally, there are not enough effective disposal techniques for the large volume of plastic waste produced; thus, plastic garbage builds up in the environment and endangers it. Limiting the usage of plastic is necessary to protect the environment. This can be done with the help of bioplastic, which is an excellent substitute for plastic. The different kinds of bioplastic and their biodegradability in different mediums, viz., soil compost and aquatic systems, are addressed in this paper. Along this, the different areas of application of bioplastic have been explored. The present study also addresses the underlying mechanism of plastic polymerization and biodegradation and the current status of bioplastics in the global market

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of N-(5-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl/1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-(3-substitutedphenylureido) benzenesulfonamides as human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I, II, VII and XII inhibitors.

A series of N-(5-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl/1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-(3-substitutedphenylureido) benzenesulfonamide derivatives has been designed, synthesized and screened for their in vitro human carbonic anhydrase (hCA; EC 4.2.1.1) inhibition potential. These newly synthesized sulfonamide compounds were assessed against isoforms hCA I, II, VII and XII, with acetazolamide (AAZ) as a reference compound. The majority of these compounds were found quite weak inhibitor against all tested isoforms. Compound 15 showed a modest inhibition potency against hCA I (Ki = 73.7 μM) and hCA VII (Ki = 85.8 μM). Compounds 19 and 25 exhibited hCA II inhibition with Ki values of 96.0 μM and 87.8 μM, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that, although the synthesized derivatives have weak inhibitory potential towards all investigated isoforms, some of them may serve as lead molecules for the further development of selective inhibitors incorporating secondary sulfonamide functionalities, a class of inhibitors for which the inhibition mechanism is poorly understood

The crystal structures of 2-(4-benzhydrylpiperazin-1-yl)-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)acetamide in complex with human carbonic anhydrase II and VII provide insights into selective CA inhibitor development

Our studies suggest that the acetamide linker and long tails are suitable structural features to design selective CA inhibitors

Genetic gains in tropical maize hybrids across moisture regimes with multi-trait-based index selection

Unpredictable weather vagaries in the Asian tropics often increase the risk of a series of abiotic stresses in maize-growing areas, hindering the efforts to reach the projected demands. Breeding climate-resilient maize hybrids with a cross-tolerance to drought and waterlogging is necessary yet challenging because of the presence of genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) and the lack of an efficient multi-trait-based selection technique. The present study aimed at estimating the variance components, genetic parameters, inter-trait relations, and expected selection gains (SGs) across the soil moisture regimes through genotype selection obtained based on the novel multi-trait genotype–ideotype distance index (MGIDI) for a set of 75 tropical pre-released maize hybrids. Twelve traits including grain yield and other secondary characteristics for experimental maize hybrids were studied at two locations. Positive and negative SGs were estimated across moisture regimes, including drought, waterlogging, and optimal moisture conditions. Hybrid, moisture condition, and hybrid-by-moisture condition interaction effects were significant (p ≤ 0.001) for most of the traits studied. Eleven genotypes were selected in each moisture condition through MGIDI by assuming 15% selection intensity where two hybrids, viz., ZH161289 and ZH161303, were found to be common across all the moisture regimes, indicating their moisture stress resilience, a unique potential for broader adaptation in rainfed stress-vulnerable ecologies. The selected hybrids showed desired genetic gains such as positive gains for grain yield (almost 11% in optimal and drought; 22% in waterlogging) and negative gains in flowering traits. The view on strengths and weaknesses as depicted by the MGIDI assists the breeders to develop maize hybrids with desired traits, such as grain yield and other yield contributors under specific stress conditions. The MGIDI would be a robust and easy-to-handle multi-trait selection process under various test environments with minimal multicollinearity issues. It was found to be a powerful tool in developing better selection strategies and optimizing the breeding scheme, thus contributing to the development of climate-resilient maize hybrids