Advances in exercise to alleviate sarcopenia in older adults by improving mitochondrial dysfunction

Sarcopenia is a chronic degenerative disease affecting primarily older adults. A growing aging population is gradually increasing the number of patients suffering from sarcopenia, placing increasing financial pressure on patients’ families and society in general. There is a strong link between mitochondrial dysfunction and sarcopenia pathogenesis. As a result, treating sarcopenia by improving mitochondrial dysfunction is an effective strategy. Numerous studies have demonstrated that exercise has a positive effect on mitochondrial dysfunction when treating sarcopenia. Exercise promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial fusion/division to add new mitochondria or improve dysfunctional mitochondria while maintaining mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial antioxidant defense system, and mitochondrial autophagy to promote normal mitochondrial function. Furthermore, exercise can reduce mitochondrial damage caused by aging by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA damage, and mitochondrial apoptosis. Exercise effectiveness depends on several factors, including exercise duration, exercise intensity, and exercise form. Therefore, Moderate-intensity exercise over 4 weeks potentially mitigates sarcopenia in older adults by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. HIIT has demonstrated potential as a viable approach to addressing sarcopenia in aged rats. However, further investigation is required to validate its efficacy in treating sarcopenia in older adults

Polypropylene Glycol-Polyoxytetramethylene Glycol Multiblock Copolymers with High Molecular Weight: Synthesis, Characterization, and Silanization

The high crystallization at room temperature and high cost of polyoxytetramethylene glycol (PTMG) have become obstacles to its application. To overcome these problems, a segment of PTMG can be incorporated into a block copolymer. In this work, polypropylene (PPO) glycol-polyoxytetramethylene (PPO-PTMG) multiblock copolymers were designed and synthesized through a chain extension between hydroxyl (OH)-terminated PPO and PTMG oligomers. The chain extenders, feed ratios of the catalyst/chain extender/OH groups, reaction temperature, and time were optimized several times to obtain a PPO-PTMG with low crystallization and high molecular weight. Multiblock copolymers with low crystallization and high average molecular weight (Mn = 1.0–1.4 × 104 Dalton) were harvested using m-phthaloyl chloride as the chain extender. The OH-terminated PPO-PTMG multiblock copolymer with high Mn and a functionality near two was further siliconized by 3-isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane to synthesize a novel silyl-terminated polyether. This polyether has an appropriate vulcanizing property and potential applications in sealants/adhesive fields

Data from: Development of a hypoxic nanocomposite containing high-Z element as 5-Fluorouracil carrier activated self-amplified chemoradiotherapy co-enhancement

The synergetic effect of chemoradiotherapy achievement is encouraging but significantly hampered by the prevalence of hypoxia, leading to drug/radiation resistance in solid tumor. To address the problem and improve the efficiency of cancer therapy, a lamellar-structure multifunctional graphene oxide (GO) drug-delivery system with an average size of 243nm, co-delivering of metronidazole (MI), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and FePt magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), was successfully designed and synthesized in the study. The integration of hypoxic drug carrier loading radiosensitizers and chemotherapeutic drugs simultaneously, combines the properties of hypoxia-sensitivity and chemoradiotherapy co-enhancement within a single nanoplatform, which is expected to provide new ideas for cancer treatment. Through in vitro tests, the hypoxia-sensitivity and cytotoxicity of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) of the nanocomposites (NCs) were proved. Moreover, the additive effect between MI, 5-FU and FePt MNPs in cytotoxicity and radiation sensitization aspects is disclosed. It performs an enhanced cell proliferation inhibition and makes up a self-amplified radiotherapy enhancement system that improves radiation efficiency and cell radiosensitivity simultaneously. In conclusion, the study recommended a novel and promising multifunctional nanoplatform which performed a self-amplified effect that activated chemoradiotherapy co-enhancement

Data from: Development of a hypoxic nanocomposite containing high-Z element as 5-Fluorouracil carrier activated self-amplified chemoradiotherapy co-enhancement

The synergetic effect of chemoradiotherapy achievement is encouraging but significantly hampered by the prevalence of hypoxia, leading to drug/radiation resistance in solid tumor. To address the problem and improve the efficiency of cancer therapy, a lamellar-structure multifunctional graphene oxide (GO) drug-delivery system with an average size of 243nm, co-delivering of metronidazole (MI), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and FePt magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), was successfully designed and synthesized in the study. The integration of hypoxic drug carrier loading radiosensitizers and chemotherapeutic drugs simultaneously, combines the properties of hypoxia-sensitivity and chemoradiotherapy co-enhancement within a single nanoplatform, which is expected to provide new ideas for cancer treatment. Through in vitro tests, the hypoxia-sensitivity and cytotoxicity of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) of the nanocomposites (NCs) were proved. Moreover, the additive effect between MI, 5-FU and FePt MNPs in cytotoxicity and radiation sensitization aspects is disclosed. It performs an enhanced cell proliferation inhibition and makes up a self-amplified radiotherapy enhancement system that improves radiation efficiency and cell radiosensitivity simultaneously. In conclusion, the study recommended a novel and promising multifunctional nanoplatform which performed a self-amplified effect that activated chemoradiotherapy co-enhancement

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Preparation of in-situ compatibilized PLA/starch composites and its non-isothermal pyrolysis kinetics

A fully degradable PLA/starch composite was prepared by one-step in-situ compatibilization method. The effects of raw materials ratio and maleic anhydride （MAH） dosage were studied by thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal stability and microstructure of the composites were investigated, and the non-isothermal thermal decomposition kinetics of the composites were discussed. The DTG results show that there are two distinct maximum decomposition rate peaks in the unmodified composites. After the MAH is added, the maximum decomposition rate peaks of the composites are close to each other. In addition, as the MAH dosage increases, the maximum rate of decomposition peak gradually shifts to a lower temperature. The SEM results show that the compatibility of the composites is improved after the addition of MAH. And both the Kissinger and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods are well described for the non-isothermal thermal decomposition kinetics of PLA and PLA/starch composites

Data from: Development of a hypoxic nanocomposite containing high-Z element as 5-Fluorouracil carrier activated self-amplified chemoradiotherapy co-enhancement

The synergetic effect of chemoradiotherapy achievement is encouraging but significantly hampered by the prevalence of hypoxia, leading to drug/radiation resistance in solid tumor. To address the problem and improve the efficiency of cancer therapy, a lamellar-structure multifunctional graphene oxide (GO) drug-delivery system with an average size of 243nm, co-delivering of metronidazole (MI), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and FePt magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), was successfully designed and synthesized in the study. The integration of hypoxic drug carrier loading radiosensitizers and chemotherapeutic drugs simultaneously, combines the properties of hypoxia-sensitivity and chemoradiotherapy co-enhancement within a single nanoplatform, which is expected to provide new ideas for cancer treatment. Through in vitro tests, the hypoxia-sensitivity and cytotoxicity of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) of the nanocomposites (NCs) were proved. Moreover, the additive effect between MI, 5-FU and FePt MNPs in cytotoxicity and radiation sensitization aspects is disclosed. It performs an enhanced cell proliferation inhibition and makes up a self-amplified radiotherapy enhancement system that improves radiation efficiency and cell radiosensitivity simultaneously. In conclusion, the study recommended a novel and promising multifunctional nanoplatform which performed a self-amplified effect that activated chemoradiotherapy co-enhancement