Numerical simulation of separation shock characteristics of a piston type explosive bolt

A piston type explosive bolt is modeled by using a hydrocodes AUTODYN. The influence of the charge amount on the separation shock is analyzed. The results show that the separation shock of the piston type explosive bolt mainly includes two aspects: the shock caused by explosive detonation and the impact of the piston at the end of stroke. As the charge amount increases, the collision speed of piston first increases and then decreases, and the separation shock first increases and then stabilizes

A new smart mobile system for chronic wound care management

Nonhealing wounds pose a major challenge in clinical medicine. Typical chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers and venous leg ulcers, have brought substantial difficulties to millions of patients around the world. The management of chronic wound care remains challenging in terms of precise wound size measurement, comprehensive wound assessment, timely wound healing monitoring, and efficient wound case management. Despite the rapid progress of digital health technologies in recent years, practical smart wound care management systems are yet to be developed. One of the main difficulties is in-depth communication and interaction with nurses and doctors throughout the complex wound care process. This paper presents a systematic approach for the user-centered design and development of a new smart mobile system for the management of chronic wound care that manages the nurse's task flow and meets the requirements for the care of different types of wounds in both clinic and hospital wards. The system evaluation and satisfaction review was carried out with a group of ten nurses from various clinical departments after using the system for over one month. The survey results demonstrated high effectiveness and usability of the smart mobile system for chronic wound care management, in contrast to the traditional pen-and-paper approach, in busy clinical contexts

DLPFA: Deep Learning based Persistent Fault Analysis against Block Ciphers

Deep learning techniques have been widely applied to side-channel analysis (SCA) in recent years and shown better performance compared with traditional methods. However, there has been little research dealing with deep learning techniques in fault analysis to date. This article undertakes the first study to introduce deep learning techniques into fault analysis to perform key recovery. We investigate the application of multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and convolutional neural network (CNN) in persistent fault analysis (PFA) and propose deep learning-based persistent fault analysis (DLPFA). DLPFA is first applied to advanced encryption standard (AES) to verify its availability. Then, to push the study further, we extend DLPFA to PRESENT, which is a lightweight substitution–permutation network (SPN)-based block cipher. The experimental results show that DLPFA can handle random faults and provide outstanding performance with a suitable selection of hyper-parameters

Impact of feeding dried distillers’ grains with solubles diet on microbiome and metabolome of ruminal and cecal contents in Guanling yellow cattle

Dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) are rich in nutrients, and partially alternative feeding of DDGS effectively reduces cost of feed and improves animals’ growth. We used 16S rDNA gene sequencing and LC/MS-based metabolomics to explore the effect of feeding cattle with a basal diet (BD) and a Jiang-flavor DDGS diet (replaces 25% concentrate of the diet) on microbiome and metabolome of ruminal and cecal contents in Guanling yellow cattle. The results showed that the ruminal and cecal contents shared the same dominance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in two groups. The ruminal dominant genera were Prevotella_1, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010; and the cecal dominant genera were Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis (LDA > 2, P < 0.05) revealed the significantly differential bacteria enriched in the DDGS group, including Ruminococcaceae_UCG_012, Prevotellaceae_UCG_004 and Anaerococcus in the ruminal contents, which was associated with degradation of plant polysaccharides. Besides, Anaerosporobacter, Anaerovibrio, and Caproiciproducens in the cecal contents were involved in fatty acid metabolism. Compared with the BD group, 20 significantly different metabolites obtained in the ruminal contents of DDGS group were down-regulated (P < 0.05), and based on them, 4 significantly different metabolic pathways (P < 0.05) were enriched including “Linoleic acid metabolism,” “Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,” “Taste transduction,” and “Carbohydrate digestion and absorption.” There were 65 significantly different metabolites (47 were upregulated, 18 were downregulated) in the cecal contents of DDGS group when compared with the BD group, and 4 significantly different metabolic pathways (P < 0.05) were enriched including “Longevity regulating pathway,” “Bile secretion,” “Choline metabolism in cancer,” and “HIF-1 signaling pathway.” Spearman analysis revealed close negative relationships between the top 20 significantly differential metabolites and Anaerococcus in the ruminal contents. Bacteria with high relevance to cecal differential metabolites were Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003, Dielma, and Solobacterium that affect specific metabolic pathways in cattle. Collectively, our results suggest that feeding cattle with a DDGS diet improves the microbial structure and the metabolic patterns of lipids and carbohydrates, thus contributing to the utilization efficiency of nutrients and physical health to some extent. Our findings will provide scientific reference for the utilization of DDGS as feed in cattle industry

Seizing the window of opportunity to mitigate the impact of climate change on the health of Chinese residents

The health threats posed by climate change in China are increasing rapidly. Each province faces different health risks. Without a timely and adequate response, climate change will impact lives and livelihoods at an accelerated rate and even prevent the achievement of the Healthy and Beautiful China initiatives. The 2021 China Report of the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change is the first annual update of China’s Report of the Lancet Countdown. It comprehensively assesses the impact of climate change on the health of Chinese households and the measures China has taken. Invited by the Lancet committee, Tsinghua University led the writing of the report and cooperated with 25 relevant institutions in and outside of China. The report includes 25 indicators within five major areas (climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerability; adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement) and a policy brief. This 2021 China policy brief contains the most urgent and relevant indicators focusing on provincial data: The increasing health risks of climate change in China; mixed progress in responding to climate change. In 2020, the heatwave exposures per person in China increased by 4.51 d compared with the 1986–2005 average, resulting in an estimated 92% increase in heatwave-related deaths. The resulting economic cost of the estimated 14500 heatwave-related deaths in 2020 is US$176 million. Increased temperatures also caused a potential 31.5 billion h in lost work time in 2020, which is equivalent to 1.3% of the work hours of the total national workforce, with resulting economic losses estimated at 1.4% of China’s annual gross domestic product. For adaptation efforts, there has been steady progress in local adaptation planning and assessment in 2020, urban green space growth in 2020, and health emergency management in 2019. 12 of 30 provinces reported that they have completed, or were developing, provincial health adaptation plans. Urban green space, which is an important heat adaptation measure, has increased in 18 of 31 provinces in the past decade, and the capacity of China’s health emergency management increased in almost all provinces from 2018 to 2019. As a result of China’s persistent efforts to clean its energy structure and control air pollution, the premature deaths due to exposure to ambient particulate matter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) and the resulting costs continue to decline. However, 98% of China’s cities still have annual average PM2.5 concentrations that are more than the WHO guideline standard of 10 μg/m3. It provides policymakers and the public with up-to-date information on China’s response to climate change and improvements in health outcomes and makes the following policy recommendations. (1) Promote systematic thinking in the related departments and strengthen multi-departmental cooperation. Sectors related to climate and development in China should incorporate health perspectives into their policymaking and actions, demonstrating WHO’s and President Xi Jinping’s so-called health-in-all-policies principle. (2) Include clear goals and timelines for climate-related health impact assessments and health adaptation plans at both the national and the regional levels in the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for 2035. (3) Strengthen China’s climate mitigation actions and ensure that health is included in China’s pathway to carbon neutrality. By promoting investments in zero-carbon technologies and reducing fossil fuel subsidies, the current rebounding trend in carbon emissions will be reversed and lead to a healthy, low-carbon future. (4) Increase awareness of the linkages between climate change and health at all levels. Health professionals, the academic community, and traditional and new media should raise the awareness of the public and policymakers on the important linkages between climate change and health.</p

Macrophage polarisation associated with atherosclerosis differentially affects their capacity to handle lipid

Background and aims Lipid-rich foam cell macrophages drive atherosclerosis via several mechanisms, including inflammation, lipid uptake, lipid deposition and plaque vulnerability. The atheroma environment shapes macrophage function and phenotype; anti-inflammatory macrophages improve plaque stability while pro-inflammatory macrophages promote rupture. Current evidence suggests a variety of macrophage phenotypes occur in atherosclerotic plaques with local lipids, cytokines, oxidised phospholipids and pathogenic stimuli altering their phenotype. In this study, we addressed differential functioning of macrophage phenotypes via a systematic analysis of in vitro polarised, human monocyte-derived macrophage phenotypes, focussing on molecular events that regulate foam-cell formation. Methods We examined transcriptomes, protein levels and functionally determined lipid handling and foam cell formation capacity in macrophages polarised with IFNγ+LPS, IL–4, IL–10, oxPAPC and CXCL4. Results RNA sequencing of differentially polarised macrophages revealed distinct gene expression changes, with enrichment in atherosclerosis and lipid-associated pathways. Analysis of lipid processing activity showed IL–4 and IL–10 macrophages have higher lipid uptake and foam cell formation activities, while inflammatory and oxPAPC macrophages displayed lower foam cell formation. Inflammatory macrophages showed low lipid uptake, while higher lipid uptake in oxPAPC macrophages was matched by increased lipid efflux capacity. Conclusions Atherosclerosis-associated macrophage polarisation dramatically affects lipid handling capacity underpinned by major transcriptomic changes and altered protein levels in lipid-handling gene expression. This leads to phenotype-specific differences in LDL uptake, cellular cholesterol levels and cholesterol efflux, informing how the plaque environment influences atherosclerosis progression by influencing macrophage phenotypes

Isospin effects on

An improved semi-empirical formula including isospin effects for $$\alpha$$ decay and cluster radioactivity half-lives is proposed based on the WKB barrier penetrability. Compared with the original formula, a nuclear potential with an isospin related Woods-Saxon form is considered in total potential energy of the radioactive system in the present work. It is found that the inclusion of the isospin correlation term improves the agreement of the theoretical results of half-lives and the experimental data. Moreover, a statistical analysis is performed for the experimental detected cluster radioactivity. Predictions for $$\alpha$$ decay half-lives together with the branching ratio between the $$\alpha$$ decay and cluster emissions are proposed for some unknown superheavy nuclei with $$Z=118$$, 120, 122, and 124 using this improved semi-empirical formula