Strategic marketing 4C analysis of Japanese LCD key component’s materials manufacturers in the Taiwan market

TFT-LCD（薄膜電晶體液晶顯示器）是台灣全力發展的重點產業。TFT-LCD 產業特徵是專業分工產業，LCD產業價值鏈可分成上游材料廠商、中游面板廠商、下游應用廠商。主要的上游零件及材料包括玻璃基板(glass substrate)、彩色濾光片(color filter)、偏光板/膜(polarizer)、背光模組(backlight module)、驅動IC(Driver IC)、配向膜(alignment layer)。 LCD面板生產所需要的這些原材料占面板生產總成本的70％以上。對面板製造商來說，透過整合減少成本成為一個重要的議題。許多面板的關鍵零組件是設計導入(design in)的產品，對於面板設計，需要配合製造商的要求和規格。所以面板廠商和關鍵零組件廠商之間的快速溝通和反應是非常重要。 目前部分材料是從國外進口的，其中配向膜是日商擁有90%的市佔率。雖然LCD面板成本結構中的比重不高，但是液晶配向膜是決定液晶顯示器面板品質的關鍵材料。主要的配向膜廠商分別是日產化學和JSR。雙方都是日商的化學公司。JSR是2005年投入台灣市場，設立JSRmicro(台灣捷時雅邁科股份有限公司)，日產化學則是2010年才進入台灣市場。而且日產化學是液晶配向膜的先鋒者，10年前的市占率大約80%，但是今年降低到50%。日產化學進來台灣時，透過日系綜合商社來交易。而JSR在台灣則是透過台灣的中間商(華立通路商)來交易。 本研究以日系液晶顯示器關鍵材料配向膜廠商「台灣日產化學」為實例，進行專業訪談。探討台灣日產化學之中游面板廠商的產業鏈，並希望運用邱志聖(2010)之策略行銷4C架構分析，進行深入探討日產化學在台灣市場中，如何降低台灣LCD面板廠商的交易成本包含外顯單位效益成本、資訊搜尋成本、道德危機成本、專屬陷入成本，進而了解此公司的競爭優勢，繼而進行跟競爭對手的4C成本比較分析，提供個案公司建議。 本研究目的為了解： 1.日產化學跟客戶之間的4C關係 2.日產化學與通路商之間的關係 3.日產化學跟競爭對手(JSR)的作法比較 研究結果發現： 1.中間商的選擇、數量、提供的產品種類多寡，以及中間商提供的服務都會影響到日產化學對面板廠商的交易成本。 2.相同產業內供應商提供的產品種類多寡會影響到對面板廠商以及中間商的交易成本。 3.製造商之知名度的高低會影響到中間商的選擇權力。TFT-LCD (thin film transistor liquid crystal display) is one of the key industries in Taiwan. TFT-LCD industry is characterized as a specialization industry. The LCD industry value chain can be divided into upstream materials manufacturers, the midstream panel manufacturers, and downstream application vendors. Upstream material parts include glass substrate, color filter, polarizer film, backlight module, the driver IC, and alignment layer. These essential components needed in LCD panel production account for more than 70% of the total cost in panel production. Therefore an important issue for panel makers is to reduce costs through integration. As many of the key components of the panel is the “design in product”, which need to be designed according to manufacturer's requirements and specifications, rapid communication and response between panel manufacturers and key components manufacturers is very important. Some materials are imported from abroad; Japanese companies have 90% market share in the alignment film market. Although the proportion of the cost structure of the LCD panel is not high, but the alignment layer is the key material to determine the quality of liquid crystal display panel. Two main alignment film makers are Nissan Chemical and JSR. They both are Japanese chemical companies. JSR devotes into Taiwanese market in 2005, and established JSRmicro. Nissan Chemical started its business in Taiwan at 2010, by establishing Taiwan Nissan Chemical. Nissan Chemical is the pioneer in liquid crystal alignment film and once had approximately 80 percent of market share 10 years ago, but it has declined to 50% as of now. Nissan Chemical transact through Japanese Sogo Shosha in Taiwai. JSR transact through Taiwanese intermediaries (Wahlee distributor) in Taiwan. In this study, Japanese liquid crystal alignment layer manufacturer Taiwan Nissan Chemical were professionally interviewed, then explored between Taiwan Nissan Chemical and the panel manufacturers’ industry chain. This study will also apply strategic marketing 4C framework for analysis, then conduct an in-depth investigation on how Taiwan Nissan Chemical reduces transaction costs for Taiwan LCD panel manufacturers, illustrate the company's competitive advantage through the transaction costs analysis, including buyer utility cost, information searching cost, moral hazard cost, and asset specificity cost, and lastly compare with the competitor’s transaction cost. The purposes of this research are: 1. The 4C relationship between Nissan Chemical and the client 2. The relationship between Nissan chemical and the distributors 3. The 4C comparison between Nissan Chemical and the competitor (JSR) The results of study show that: 1. A choice of intermediaries, the number of intermediaries, the number of product that intermediaries offer, and the services intermediaries provide will affect the transaction costs of Nissan Chemical for panel makers. 2. The product range provided by the suppliers within the same industry would affect the transaction costs of panel makers and intermediaries, 3. The well-known level of the manufacturer will affect the power of choice for intermediaries

Enhanced transgene expression from chromatinized plasmid DNA in mouse liver

Plasmid DNA was chromatinized with core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) in vitro and was delivered into mouse liver by hydrodynamics-based administration. Transgene expression from the chromatinized plasmid DNA was more efficient than that from plasmid DNA delivered in the naked form. The use of acetylation-enriched histones isolated from cells treated with a histone deacetylase inhibitor (trichostatin A) seemed to be more effective. These results indicated that chromatinized plasmid DNA is useful for efficient transgene expression in vivo

Identification of anti-HIV agents with a novel benzo[4,5]isothiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidine scaffold.

3, 4-Dihydro-2H-benzo[4, 5]isothiazolo[2, 3-a]pyrimidine is a newly identified antiviral agent against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, derived from 3, 4-dihydro-2H, 6H-pyrimido[1, 2-c][1, 3]benzothiazin-6-imine (PD 404182). The introduction of the hydrophobic 8-aryl substituent on the benzene substructure improved its anti-HIV activity, resulting in the identification of 6-fold more potent analogs. In addition, it was demonstrated that these isothiazolopyrimidine derivatives exert anti-HIV effects at an early stage of viral infection

Conducta de evitación asociada a síntomas depresivos en pacientes con desfibriladores cardioversores implantables

Antecedentes/Objetivo. Muchos pacientes con desfibriladores cardioversores implantables experimentan síntomas depresivos. Además, la conducta de evitación es un problema común entre estos pacientes. El objetivo fue examinar la asociación entre las conductas de evitación y síntomas depresivos en pacientes con desfibriladores cardioversores implantables. Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en un único centro entre mayo de 2010 y marzo de 2011. Mediante autoinformes se midieron conductas de evitación (evitación a lugares, evitación a objetos y evitación a situaciones) y síntomas depresivos (mediante el Inventario de Depresión de Beck, Versión II) en 119 participantes. El instrumento de evitación se desarrolló para este estudio, con adecuada fiabilidad de consistencia interna. Resultados: Noventa y dos pacientes (77,3%) tenían más de 50 años y 86 pacientes (72,3%) eran hombres. Cincuenta y un pacientes (42,9%) informaron de “evitación a lugares”, 34 pacientes (28,6%) informaron de “evitación a objetos” y 63 pacientes (52,9%) informaron “evitación a actividad”. La conducta de evitación se asoció con un aumento en la probabilidad de síntomas depresivos (OR 1,31; IC del 95%, 1,06- 1,62). Conclusiones: Este es el primer estudio para identificar la relación entre la conducta de evitación y síntomas depresivos en pacientes portadores de desfibriladores cardioversores implantables, aunque existen algunas limitaciones metodológicas. © 2017 Asociación Española de Psicología Conductual. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY−NC−ND license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by−nc−nd/4.0/)

Fig. 7 in Analysis of Water-Soluble Proteins by Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis in the Encystment Process of Colpoda cucullus Nag-1 and Cytoskeletal Dynamics

Fig. 7. Effects of 10 µM taxol (A) and 10 µM cytochalasin B (B) on Ca2+/overpopulation-mediated globulation of C. cucullus Nag-1 (A-1, B-1) and ciliary resorption (A-2, B-2). A-1, B-1 − The rate of encysting (rounded) cells was expressed as a percentage of the total number of tested cells (100 randomly selected cells). Open squares (negative control). The cells were suspended in 1 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2) solu- tion without inhibitors at low cell density ( 30,000 cells/ml) (Ca2+/overpopulation stimulation). In this condition, the encystment was markedly induced. Open circles (experiment). The cells were suspended in an encystment-inducing medium containing taxol (Ta) or cytochalasin B (CB) at high cell density (> 30,000 cells/ml). Points and attached bars correspond to the means of 5 measurements (100 cells per measurement) obtained from different batches and standard errors, respectively. A-2, B-2 − Length of cilia at 2 h after onset of encystment induction in the presence or absence of taxol (Ta) or cytochalasin B (CB). In the negative control [Induced without 'Ta' (0 h) or Induced without 'CB' (0 h)], the cultured cells were collected, then suspended in encystment-inducing medium, and quickly fixed with 3.7% paraformaldehyde. In the positive control [Induced without 'Ta' (2 h) or Induced without 'CB' (2 h)], the cells were suspended for 2 h in an encystment-inducing medium without inhibitors at high cell density (> 30,000 cells/ml), and then fixed with 3.7% paraformaldehyde. In the experimental groups [Induced with 'Ta' (2 h) or Induced with 'CB' (2 h)], the cells were suspended for 2 h in an encystment-inducing medium containing inhibitors at high cell density (> 30,000 cells/ml), and then fixed with 3.7% paraformaldehyde. Columns and attached bars correspond to the means in 26 cells and standard errors, respectively.Published as part of Sogame, Yoichiro, Kojima, Katsuhiko, Takeshita, Toshikazu, Kikuchi, Shiho, Shimada, Yuto, Nakamura, Rikiya, Arikawa, Mikihiko, Miyata, Seiji, Kinoshita, Eiji, Suizu, Futoshi & Matsuoka, Tatsuomi, 2020, Analysis of Water-Soluble Proteins by Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis in the Encystment Process of Colpoda cucullus Nag-1 and Cytoskeletal Dynamics, pp. 107-120 in Acta Protozoologica 59 on page 117, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.009.13264, http://zenodo.org/record/835695