Conservación y mantenimiento de la tapia de la muralla histórica de Pingyao, China

[EN] One of the remarkable characteristics of the Ancient Pingyao City Wall, which has been listed as Cultural World Heritage Site in 1997, is the internal rammed earth face, behind the exterior brick finishing. Although many consolidation and restoration treatments were carried out in the past decades, parts of the city wall are still in danger to collapse. Laboratory tests show that the loess soil, the main construction material of the Pingyao city wall, is poor in clay. It is not water resistant without any treatment. From 2011 after quality examination the damaged earthen finishing has been restored only with traditional ramming technique. However, based on the visual inspection done in September 2018, protective lime-earth plasters as sacrificial layer to rammed earth finishing may be a technically and financially sustainable solution.[ES] Una de las características más destacadas de la antigua muralla de la ciudad de Pingyao, declarada Patrimonio Mundial en 1997, es la estructura de tapia tras la fábrica de ladrillo que recubre el perímetro externo. A pesar de las muchas intervenciones de consolidación y restauración llevadas a cabo durante las pasadas décadas, aún existen tramos de la muralla que corren el riesgo de derrumbarse. Se han realizado ensayos de laboratorio que muestran que el material de construcción principal de las murallas de Pingyao, es pobre en arcillas, y por lo tanto, no es resistente al agua sin un tratamiento previo. A partir de 2011 y tras un examen cualitativo, se ha restaurado la tapia dañada usando exclusivamente la técnica tradicional de la tapia. Sin embargo, la inspección llevada a cabo en septiembre de 2018, ha permitido determinar que el uso de morteros mixtos de cal y arena como capa de mortero de sacricio puede ser una solución técnica y económicamente más sostenible.Shibing, D.; Hongsong, L. (2019). Conservation and maintenance of the rammed earth of the Historic City Wall of Pingyao，China. Loggia, Arquitectura & Restauración. 0(32):46-59. https://doi.org/10.4995/loggia.2019.11221OJS4659032晋中市史志研究院编.平遥古城志[M].北京：中华 书局，2002.中国文化遗产研究院.山西省平遥古城城墙结构加 固工程总体设计方案[R].北京：中国文化遗产研究 院，2007.中冶集团建筑研究总院.平遥古城墙可靠性鉴定报 告[R].北京：中冶集团建筑研究总院，2005.总装备部工程设计研究总院.山西省平遥古城城墙 现状补充调查报告[R].北京：总装备部工程设计研 究总院，2006.王旭东.中国干旱环境下土遗址保护关键技术研究 新进展[J].敦煌研究2008(6):6-12.孙满利 王旭东 李最雄.土遗址保护初论[M].科学 出版社， 2010.KUHL O. Untersuchungen zur Bodenverfestigung mit Kalk[J], Band 59, OBERHESSISCHE NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEZeitschrift, ISSN 0340-4498, 1997:73-77.SCHADE H-W. Untersuchungen Zum Reaktionsverhalten von Mischbindemitteln zur Bodenbehandlung (05.130/2002/DGB)[M]//Wirtschaftsverlag N. W. Verlag für neue Wissenschaft, 2006:1-40 .KRAJEWSKI W., KUHL O. Eignung Frostempfindlicher Boeden Fuer die Behandlung mit Kalk[M]// Berichte der Bundesanstalt fuer Strassenwesen. Bremerhaven, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, 2005, 7-45.HOUBEN H. GUILLAUD H. Earth Construction - A Comprehensive Guide[M]. Rugby, ITDG Publishing, 1994 (reprint 2005), 124-126.Merkblatt ueber Bodenverfestigungen und Bodenverbesserungen mit Bindemittel[S]. Köln, Forschungsgesellschaft für Straßen- und Verkehrswesen Arbeitsgruppe Erd- und Grundbau, 2004

Metabonomic Evaluation of ZHENG Differentiation and Treatment by Fuzhenghuayu Tablet in Hepatitis-B-Caused Cirrhosis

In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), treatment based on ZHENG (also called TCM syndrome and pattern) differentiation has been applied for about 3 thousand years, while there are some difficulties to communicate with western medicine. In the present work, metabonomic methods were utilized to differentiate ZHENG types and evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of Fuzhenghuayu (FZHY) tablet in hepatitis-B-caused cirrhosis (HBC). Urine samples of 12 healthy volunteers (control group, CG) and 31 HBC patients (HBCG) were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and multivariate statistical analysis. The significantly changed metabolites between CG and HBCG were selected by PLS-DA loading plot analysis. Moreover, 4 ZHENGs were differentiated mutually, suggesting that there was urine metabolic material basis in ZHENG differentiation. The efficiency of FZHY tablet on subjects with spleen deficiency with dampness encumbrance syndrome (SDDES) and liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome (LKYDS) was better than that of other syndromes. The efficiency of FZHY treatment based on ZHENG differentiation indicated that accurately ZHENG differentiating could guide the appropriate TCM treatment in HBC

Applications of New Technologies and New Methods in ZHENG Differentiation

With the hope to provide an effective approach for personalized diagnosis and treatment clinically, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is being paid increasing attention as a complementary and alternative medicine. It performs treatment based on ZHENG (TCM syndrome) differentiation, which could be identified as clinical special phenotypes by symptoms and signs of patients. However, it caused skepticism and criticism because ZHENG classification only depends on observation, knowledge, and clinical experience of TCM practitioners, which is lack of objectivity and repeatability. Scientists have done fruitful researches for its objectivity and standardization. Compared with traditional four diagnostic methods (looking, listening and smelling, asking, and touching), in this paper, the applications of new technologies and new methods on the ZHENG differentiation were systemically reviewed, including acquisition, analysis, and integration of clinical data or information. Furthermore, the characteristics and application range of these technologies and methods were summarized. It will provide reference for further researches

Petrographic and geochemical analyses to characterise the source of built historical natural stones — a case study of the volcanic stones from historical quarries and Baoguosi Temple in the city of Ningbo, China

Abstract Characterising and sourcing natural stones are essential for not only understanding the historical information carried by heritage buildings and cultural heritage sites, but also providing necessary data for restoration and conservations. Petrographic analyses by polarised microscopy, along with the integrated chemical data acquired by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, allowed us to ascertain the compositions of stone materials. In this paper it is applied on samples collected from quarries of “three famous stones (Meiyuanshi-, Xiaoxishi-, and Dayinshi-stone)” in Ningbo and from the Sumeru platform in the main hall of Baoguosi Temple (Ningbo, Zhejiang, China). Comparison of petrographic features, major and trace elements of the stones studied indicated that they are all tuffs but of different characteristics and origin. Moreover, we were able to confirm that the Sumeru platform in Baoguosi is made of Meiyuanshi-stone. The results have demonstrated the suitability of the approach and present a practicable solution for other stone buildings

Current Understanding on Antihepatocarcinoma Effects of Xiao Chai Hu Tang and Its Constituents

Xiao Chai Hu Tang (XCHT), a compound formula originally recorded in an ancient Chinese medical book Shanghanlun, has been used to treat chronic liver diseases for a long period of time in China. Although extensive studies have been demonstrated the efficacy of this formula to treat chronic hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatocarcinoma, how it works against these diseases still awaits full understanding. Here, we firstly present an overview arranging from the entire formula to mechanism studies of single herb in XCHT and their active components, from a new perspective of “separation study,” and we tried our best to both detailedly and systematically organize the antihepatocarcinoma effects of it, hoping that the review will facilitate the strive on elucidating how XCHT elicits its antihepatocarcinoma role