Functional organic materials for electronics industries

Topics closely related with organic, high molecular weight material synthesis are discussed. These are related to applications such as display, recording, sensors, semiconductors, and I.C. correlation. New materials are also discussed. General principles of individual application are not included. Materials discussed include color, electrochromic, thermal recording, organic photoconductors for electrophotography, and photochromic materials

Analysis of Archery Shooting Techniques by Means of Electromyography

The interaction between the processes of excitation and inhibition plays a major role in the mechanisms of motor coordination. In the inhibitory phenomenon, from Hoffmann (1920) cited in Hoff et al. (1934) to Abraham et al. (1987), it has been shown that an electromyographic silent period is evident just before the voluntary movement following the preparatory phase, The present authors (Nishizono et al. 1984, Nishizono et al. 1987) demonstrated the inhibition prior to skilled voluntary movement. In the movement of shooting an arrow, there is a large amount of neuromuscular involvement in the «simple act». Neurophysiologically, the movement of shooting an arrow is the stable posture in a typical tonic neck reflex. To get a good record in an archery competition, one requires a well-balanced and highly reproducible release during the shooting. The stages for archery shooting, such as Bow Hold, Drawing, Full Draw, Aiming, Release and Follow-Through, are the stable sequence of movements and are suitable for studying the motor control and skill-aquiring processes of the voluntary movement. In the present study, first, the shooting techniques of world class archers were analysed compared with middle-class and beginner archers by means of EMGs, and second, archers of three shill levels were employed to measure the EMGs during archery shooting, to clarify the differences of the releasing movement

Modelling of Krakatoa Tsunami Wave Propagation and Community Engagement Based on SWOT Analysis in Southern Lampung, Indonesia

The eruption of Krakatoa which occurred on the 22 December 2018 caused an avalanche from the Gunung Anak Krakatau (GAK) body into the sea, causing a tsunami in the Sunda Strait. The tsunami affected Lampung (Sumatra) and Banten (Java) provinces in Indonesia. Based on the field observations made by Takabatake et al. (2019) in the southern part of Lampung, it was identified that there were severely damaged areas in Lampung; i.e. East Way Muli, Central Way Muli, and Kunjir villages. A numerical model was developed to simulate past and future tsunami wave propagation scenarios. In addition, the strategic planning technique of SWOT analysis was carried out in order to make recommendations for the resilience of local coastal communities for future tsunami events in Southern Lampung

EFFECTS OF FATIGUE ON THE GROUND REACTION FORCES AND LEG KINEMATICS IN ALL-OUT 600 METERS RUNNING

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of fatigue on the ground reaction forces and leg kinematics during all-out 600m running, which was performed by eight male middle-distance runners. Their running motion was videotaped (300Hz) and the ground reaction forces were measured (500Hz) at the 150m and 550m marks of the 600m running. From the 150m to 550m mark, running speed significantly decreased (

Electronic Properties of Topological Materials: Optical Excitations in Moebius Conjugated Polymers

Electronic structures and optical excitations in Moebius conjugated polymers are studied theoretically. Periodic and Moebius boundary conditions are applied to the tight binding model of poly(para-phenylene), taking exciton effects into account. We discuss that oligomers with a few structural units are more effective than polymers for observations of effects of discrete wave numbers that are shifted by the change in boundary condition. Next, calculations of optical absorption spectra are reported. Certain components of optical absorption for an electric field perpendicular to the polymer axis mix with absorption spectra for an electric field parallel to the polymer axis. Therefore, the polarization dependences of an electric field of light enable us to detect whether conjugated polymers have the Moebius boundary.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., Vol. 74 No. 2 (February, 2005), Letter sectio

Gigantic Maximum of Nanoscale Noncontact Friction

We report measurements of noncontact friction between surfaces of NbSe$_{2}$ and SrTiO$_{3}$, and a sharp Pt-Ir tip that is oscillated laterally by a quartz tuning fork cantilever. At 4.2 K, the friction coefficients on both the metallic and insulating materials show a giant maximum at the tip-surface distance of several nanometers. The maximum is strongly correlated with an increase in the spring constant of the cantilever. These features can be understood phenomenologically by a distance-dependent relaxation mechanism with distributed time scales.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Nonmagnetic-Defect-Induced Magnetism in Graphene

It is shown that a strong impurity potential induces short-range antiferromagnetic (ferrimagnetic) order around itself in a Hubbard model on a half-filled honeycomb lattice. This implies that short-range magnetic order is induced in monolayer graphene by a nonmagnetic defect such as a vacancy with full hydrogen termination or a chemisorption defect.Comment: 5 pages, 8 figure