Perceptions of Breast Cancer Screening in Older Chinese Women: A Meta-Ethnography

In Eastern Asia, as the incidence of breast cancer continues to increase yet compliance with breast cancer screening in older Chinese women who are at risk of early stage breast cancer is poor. This meta-ethnography explored breast cancer awareness, attitudes and breast screening behaviour in older Chinese women. Nine qualitative studies were appraised using CASP tools. Many Chinese women believed that illness is preordained, therefore mammography was a futile exercise. Older Chinese women held erroneous views of breast cancer, and believed that if they developed this form of cancer they would hide the disease from their family due to perceptions of bad luck and derision for both the cancer patient and their family. There is a great need for targeted breast health educational programmes for Chinese migrant women that educate women to participate in mammography and promote acculturation and health education. Future public health programmes need to target older Chinese women

INCOME ANALYSIS AND CONSTRAINTS OF BROILER CHICKEN BUSINESS IN DEWANTARA DISTRICT, ACEH UTARA REGENCY (CASE STUDY IN UD. KARYA CIPTA)

Livestock business is part of the development of the agricultural sector which has strategic values, among others in providing food needs. The purpose of this study were to determine the constraints of broiler business in Gampong Ulee Reuleung, Dewantara Sub-district, Aceh Utara District. The research methods used are quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the gross income and the net income obtained by UD.Cipta Karya broiler chicken business are Rp 43,290,000,- and Rp.2.263,362,91,- in production process. The R/C ratio of 1.05 and the B/C ratio of 0.05. Therefore it can be concluded that the broiler chicken business UD. Cipta Karya is feasible and profitable. Generally that the constraints faced by UD Karya Cipta broiler chicken business are seeds, capital, labor and climate

Effects of engine emissions from high-speed civil transport aircraft: A two-dimensional modeling study, part 2

The AER two-dimensional chemistry-transport model is used to study the effect of supersonic and subsonic aircraft operation in the 2010 atmosphere on stratospheric ozone (O3). The results show that: (1) the calculated O3 response is smaller in the 2010 atmosphere compared to previous calculations performed in the 1980 atmosphere; (2) with the emissions provided, the calculated decrease in O3 column is less than 1 percent; and (3) the effect of model grid resolution on O3 response is small provided that the physics is not modified

Stratospheric aircraft exhaust plume and wake chemistry studies

This report documents progress to date in an ongoing study to analyze and model emissions leaving a proposed High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) from when the exhaust gases leave the engine until they are deposited at atmospheric scales in the stratosphere. Estimates are given for the emissions, summarizing relevant earlier work (CIAP) and reviewing current propulsion research efforts. The chemical evolution and the mixing and vortical motion of the exhaust are analyzed to track the exhaust and its speciation as the emissions are mixed to atmospheric scales. The species tracked include those that could be heterogeneously reactive on the surfaces of the condensed solid water (ice) particles and on exhaust soot particle surfaces. Dispersion and reaction of chemical constituents in the far wake are studied with a Lagrangian air parcel model, in conjunction with a radiation code to calculate the net heating/cooling. Laboratory measurements of heterogeneous chemistry of aqueous sulfuric acid and nitric acid hydrates are also described. Results include the solubility of HCl in sulfuric acid which is a key parameter for modeling stratospheric processing. We also report initial results for condensation of nitric acid trihydrate from gas phase H2O and HNO3

Coupling Processes Between Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate

This is the first semi-annual report for NAS5-97039 summarizing work performed for January 1997 through June 1997. Work in this project is related to NAS1-20666, also funded by NASA ACMAP. The work funded in this project also benefits from work at AER associated with the AER three-dimensional isentropic transport model funded by NASA AEAP and the AER two-dimensional climate-chemistry model (co-funded by Department of Energy). The overall objective of this project is to improve the understanding of coupling processes between atmospheric chemistry and climate. Model predictions of the future distributions of trace gases in the atmosphere constitute an important component of the input necessary for quantitative assessments of global change. We will concentrate on the changes in ozone and stratospheric sulfate aerosol, with emphasis on how ozone in the lower stratosphere would respond to natural or anthropogenic changes. The key modeling tools for this work are the AER two-dimensional chemistry-transport model, the AER two-dimensional stratospheric sulfate model, and the AER three-wave interactive model with full chemistry

High-Throughput Drug Screening Identifies a Potent Wnt Inhibitor that Promotes Airway Basal Stem Cell Homeostasis.

Mechanisms underpinning airway epithelial homeostatic maintenance and ways to prevent its dysregulation remain elusive. Herein, we identify that β-catenin phosphorylated at Y489 (p-β-cateninY489) emerges during human squamous lung cancer progression. This led us to develop a model of airway basal stem cell (ABSC) hyperproliferation by driving Wnt/β-catenin signaling, resulting in a morphology that resembles premalignant lesions and loss of ciliated cell differentiation. To identify small molecules that could reverse this process, we performed a high-throughput drug screen for inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our studies unveil Wnt inhibitor compound 1 (WIC1), which suppresses T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (TCF/LEF) activity, reduces ABSC proliferation, induces ciliated cell differentiation, and decreases nuclear p-β-cateninY489. Collectively, our work elucidates a dysregulated Wnt/p-β-cateninY489 axis in lung premalignancy that can be modeled in vitro and identifies a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor that promotes airway homeostasis. WIC1 may therefore serve as a tool compound in regenerative medicine studies with implications for restoring normal airway homeostasis after injury

Outcomes of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms with remote acellular mucinous peritoneal deposits

Occasionally, low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN) present with mucinous peritoneal deposits (MPD) localized to periappendiceal tissue or diffused throughout the peritoneum. This study was aimed at evaluating the relevance of mucin cellularity for predicting outcomes of LAMN with remote MPD. The records of patients with LAMN and remote MPD who underwent initial assessment at a comprehensive cancer center from 1990 to 2015 were reviewed, and diagnostic procedures, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. Of 48 patients included in the analysis, 19 had cellular MPD (CMPD) and 29 had acellular MPD. Of 33 patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery, 30 had a complete cytoreduction; the 3 patients with an incomplete cytoreduction had CMPD. In the follow-up period (median, 4 years), 6 patients died of the disease, all of whom had CMPD. Of 11 patients who had progression of disease, 10 had CMPD. Cellularity of remote MPD is an important determinant of disease outcome in LAMN. Approaches such as active surveillance may have a role in selected patients with LAMN and AMPD

Continued development and validation of the AER two-dimensional interactive model

Results from two-dimensional chemistry-transport models have been used to predict the future behavior of ozone in the stratosphere. Since the transport circulation, temperature, and aerosol surface area are fixed in these models, they cannot account for the effects of changes in these quantities, which could be modified because of ozone redistribution and/or other changes in the troposphere associated with climate changes. Interactive two-dimensional models, which calculate the transport circulation and temperature along with concentrations of the chemical species, could provide answers to complement the results from three-dimension model calculations. In this project, we performed the following tasks in pursuit of the respective goals: (1) We continued to refine the 2-D chemistry-transport model; (2) We developed a microphysics model to calculate the aerosol loading and its size distribution; (3) The treatment of physics in the AER 2-D interactive model were refined in the following areas--the heating rate in the troposphere, and wave-forcing from propagation of planetary waves