A Postcolonial Perspective on the Cultural Translation Strategies—A Case Study of the English Version of Shuihuzhuan (All Men Are Brothers)

Based upon the two English Versions of Shuihuzhuan (All Men Are Brothers), the paper mainly discusses the different translation strategies used by Pearl S. Buck and Shapiro from the perspective of post-colonialism. Then the reasons of these existing differences will be illustrated. Lastly the paper will come up with the limitation of the present research

Practical Strategies for English Situational Teaching in Colleges

The situational teaching is an effective and practical teaching model. Through implementing situational teaching in practical college English teaching, we can more effectively improve the effect of the teaching. The traditional teaching method mostly adopts the direct teaching method in college English courses because college English is a language courses. It is not conducive to creating feeling interactions between teachers and students. Through implementing situational teaching, we can make students more actively participate in the classroom teaching process. So students can better understand the language environment and cultural backgrounds related with the teaching and deepen the understanding of teaching content through their communications with teachers and other students. Based on advantages and principles of English situational teaching in colleges, this paper explores practical design of situational teaching at starting from specific problems in the teaching practice

Provable Guarantees for Neural Networks via Gradient Feature Learning

Neural networks have achieved remarkable empirical performance, while the current theoretical analysis is not adequate for understanding their success, e.g., the Neural Tangent Kernel approach fails to capture their key feature learning ability, while recent analyses on feature learning are typically problem-specific. This work proposes a unified analysis framework for two-layer networks trained by gradient descent. The framework is centered around the principle of feature learning from gradients, and its effectiveness is demonstrated by applications in several prototypical problems, such as mixtures of Gaussians and parity functions. The framework also sheds light on interesting network learning phenomena such as feature learning beyond kernels and the lottery ticket hypothesis.Comment: NeurIPS 2023, 71 page

Characterization of a Novel Nicotine Degradation Gene Cluster ndp in Sphingomonas melonis TY and Its Evolutionary Analysis

Sphingomonas melonis TY utilizes nicotine as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy through a variant of the pyridine and pyrrolidine pathways (VPP). A 31-kb novel nicotine-degrading gene cluster, ndp, in strain TY exhibited a different genetic organization with the vpp cluster in strains Ochrobactrum rhizosphaerae SJY1 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens S33. Genes in vpp were separated by a 20-kb interval sequence, while genes in ndp were localized together. Half of the homolog genes were in different locus in ndp and vpp. Moreover, there was a gene encoding putative transporter of nicotine or other critical metabolite in ndp. Among the putative nicotine-degrading related genes, the nicotine hydroxylase, 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase, 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine oxidase, and 6-hydroxy-3-succinyl-pyridine monooxygenase responsible for catalyzing the transformation of nicotine to 2, 5-dihydropyridine in the initial four steps of the VPP were characterized. Hydroxylation at C6 of the pyridine ring and dehydrogenation at the C2–C3 bond of the pyrrolidine ring were the key common reactions in the VPP, pyrrolidine and pyridine pathways. Besides, VPP and pyrrolidine pathway shared the same latter part of metabolic pathway. After analysis of metabolic genes in the pyridine, pyrrolidine, and VPP pathways, we found that both the evolutionary features and metabolic mechanisms of the VPP were more similar to the pyrrolidine pathway. The linked ndpHFEG genes shared by the VPP and pyrrolidine pathways indicated that these two pathways might share the same origin, but variants were observed in some bacteria. And we speculated that the pyridine pathway was distributed in Gram-positive bacteria and the VPP and pyrrolidine pathways were distributed in Gram-negative bacteria by using comprehensive homologs searching and phylogenetic tree construction

Onlinehandel und traditioneller Handel in China

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Analyse der Unterschiede zwischen dem Onlinehandel und dem traditionellen Handel in China. Durch diese Arbeit kann man die Zusammenhänge des Handels in China verstehen. Der E-Commerce in China entwickelt sich sehr schnell. Aber E-Logistik steht noch auf einer niedrigeren Ebene. Es gibt immer noch viele Probleme bei E-Commerce. Man muss die Schwierigkeiten analysieren und sich Strategien einfallen lassen, um die Probleme des Entwicklungsvorgangs lösen

mRNA-Laden Lipid-Nanoparticle-Enabled <i>in Situ</i> CAR-Macrophage Engineering for the Eradication of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in a Sepsis Mouse Model

Sepsis, which is the most severe clinical manifestation of acute infection and has a mortality rate higher than that of cancer, represents a significant global public health burden. Persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection and further host immune paralysis are the leading causes of sepsis-associated death, but limited clinical interventions that target sepsis have failed to effectively restore immune homeostasis to enable complete eradication of MRSA. To restimulate anti-MRSA innate immunity, we developed CRV peptide-modified lipid nanoparticles (CRV/LNP-RNAs) for transient in situ programming of macrophages (MΦs). The CRV/LNP-RNAs enabled the delivery of MRSA-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) mRNA (SasA-CAR mRNA) and CASP11 (a key MRSA intracellular evasion target) siRNA to MΦs in situ, yielding CAR-MΦs with boosted bactericidal potency. Specifically, our results demonstrated that the engineered MΦs could efficiently phagocytose and digest MRSA intracellularly, preventing immune evasion by the “superbug” MRSA. Our findings highlight the potential of nanoparticle-enabled in vivo generation of CAR-MΦs as a therapeutic platform for multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections and should be confirmed in clinical trials