The C-E Translation of Business Promotional Material Based on Skopostheorie

Based on Translation Skopostheorie, the author briefly expounds the purpose of C-E translation of businesses’ promotional material. Simultaneously, the typical problems appeared in the translation process have been explored and analyzed. With practical examples, the author probes into some rules for solving these problems. The problems in such translation can be often found in the following four categories---straying away from the source text, being constrained to the source text, lacking in cultural elements, having grammatical errors and improper expressions. However, three rules of Skopostheorie---skopos rule, intratextual coherence rule, and inter-textual coherence rule may be used as guidance for solving these problems

Hydrocarbon origin and reservoir forming model research of Longwangmiao Formation, Moxi-Gaoshiti area, Sichuan Basin

AbstractThis paper focuses on the Longwangmiao gas reservoir in Moxi-Gaoshiti area, Sichuan Basin. Starting from the tectonic evolution perspective, though comparing biological marker compound and analyzing fluid inclusions, the oil & gas origin and accumulation evolution of Longwangmiao Formation are systematic studied with reference to the burial-thermal evolution of single well geological history in the study area. It is suggested that the oil & gas reservoir is generally characterized by early accumulation, multi-stage filling, late cracking and later adjustment. The oil and gas were mainly sourced from lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation, partly from the Permian source rock. During the geological period, 3 major oil & gas fillings occurred in the Longwangmiao Formation, namely Caledonian-Hercynian filling that was small in scale and produced the first phase of paleo-oil reservoir that soon destroyed by Caledonian movement uplift, large-scale Permian filling that gave rise to the second-phase of paleo-oil reservoir and the Triassic-Jurassic filling that enriched the second phase of paleo-oil reservoir. Finally, the paleo-oil reservoir experienced an in-situ cracking during the cretaceous period that gave rise to a natural gas reservoir and left behind carbonaceous bitumen and oily bitumen in the holes of the Longwangmiao Formation

A novel prestack sparse azimuthal AVO inversion

In this paper we demonstrate a new algorithm for sparse prestack azimuthal AVO inversion. A novel Euclidean prior model is developed to at once respect sparseness in the layered earth and smoothness in the model of reflectivity. Recognizing that methods of artificial intelligence and Bayesian computation are finding an every increasing role in augmenting the process of interpretation and analysis of geophysical data, we derive a generalized matrix-variate model of reflectivity in terms of orthogonal basis functions, subject to sparse constraints. This supports a direct application of machine learning methods, in a way that can be mapped back onto the physical principles known to govern reflection seismology. As a demonstration we present an application of these methods to the Marcellus shale. Attributes extracted using the azimuthal inversion are clustered using an unsupervised learning algorithm. Interpretation of the clusters is performed in the context of the Ruger model of azimuthal AVO

"Genotype-first" approaches on a curious case of idiopathic progressive cognitive decline

Background In developing countries, many cases with rare neurological diseases remain undiagnosed due to limited diagnostic experience. We encountered a case in China where two siblings both began to develop idiopathic progressive cognitive decline starting from age six, and were suspected to have an undiagnosed neurological disease. Methods Initial clinical assessments included review of medical history, comprehensive physical examination, genetic testing for metabolic diseases, blood tests and brain imaging. We performed exome sequencing with Agilent SureSelect exon capture and Illumina HiSeq2000 platform, followed by variant annotation and selection of rare, shared mutations that fit a recessive model of inheritance. To assess functional impacts of candidate variants, we performed extensive biochemical tests in blood and urine, and examined their possible roles by protein structure modeling. Results Exome sequencing identified NAGLU as the most likely candidate gene with compound heterozygous mutations (chr17:40695717C > T and chr17:40693129A > G in hg19 coordinate), which were documented to be pathogenic. Sanger sequencing confirmed the recessive patterns of inheritance, leading to a genetic diagnosis of Sanfilippo syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB). Biochemical tests confirmed the complete loss of activity of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (encoded by NAGLU) in blood, as well as significantly elevated dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate in urine. Structure modeling revealed the mechanism on how the two variants affect protein structural stability. Conclusions Successful diagnosis of a rare genetic disorder with an atypical phenotypic presentation confirmed that such “genotype-first” approaches can particularly succeed in areas of the world with insufficient medical genetics expertise and with cost-prohibitive in-depth phenotyping

The role of inflammation in immune system of diabetic retinopathy: Molecular mechanisms, pathogenetic role and therapeutic implications

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of low vision and blindness worldwide. Mounting evidence demonstrates that inflammation is a key mechanism driving diabetes-associated retinal disturbance, yet the pathophysiological process and molecular mechanisms of inflammation underlying diabetic retinopathy are not fully understood. Cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules interact with each other to form a complex molecular network that propagates the inflammatory and pathological cascade of diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, it is important to understand and elucidate inflammation-related mechanisms behind diabetic retinopathy progression. Here, we review the current understanding of the pathology and pathogenesis of inflammation in diabetic retinopathy. In addition, we also summarize the relevant clinical trials to further suggest inflammation-targeted therapeutics for prevention and management of diabetic retinopathy