Preliminary study on particulate organic carbon export fluxes in the Bering Sea

During the Second Chinese National Arctic Expedition (CHINARE) from July to September 2003, depth profiles of dissolved and particulate 234Th in upper water columns were collected at two stations of BR03 and BR24 in the Bering Sea. 234Th was sampled by using a traditional Fe (OH)3 co-precipitation technique, which is a reliable approach to 234Th measurement. We observed 234Th excess at station BR03 below the euphotic zone, which was possibly due to the intensive remineralization of particulate matter. Particulate organic carbon (POC) export fluxes were estimated from a one-dimensional irreversible steady state model of 234Th fluxes together with measurements of the POC/234Th ratio on the suspended particles. The POC export fluxes from the euphotic zone were 11.66 and 11.69 mmol Cm-2d-1 at BR03 and BR24 stations, respectively. The ratios o f POC fluxes to primary production at the two stations were about 0.5 and 0.59, respectively, probably due to the presence of large phytoplankton (in particular diatoms)

Medicarpin induces G1 arrest and mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway in bladder cancer cells

Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most commonly diagnosed cancer. High recurrence, chemoresistance, and low response rate hinder the effective treatment of BC. Hence, a novel therapeutic strategy in the clinical management of BC is urgently needed. Medicarpin (MED), an isoflavone from Dalbergia odorifera, can promote bone mass gain and kill tumor cells, but its anti-BC effect remains obscure. This study revealed that MED effectively inhibited the proliferation and arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase of BC cell lines T24 and EJ-1 in vitro. In addition, MED could significantly suppress the tumor growth of BC cells in vivo. Mechanically, MED induced cell apoptosis by upregulating pro-apoptotic proteins BAK1, Bcl2-L-11, and caspase-3. Our data suggest that MED suppresses BC cell growth in vitro and in vivo via regulating mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathways, which can serve as a promising candidate for BC therapy

Overview of China’s Antarctic research progress 1984–2016

It is more than 30 years since the first Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) landed in Antarctica in 1984, representing China’s initiation in polar research. This review briefly summarizes the Chinese Antarctic scientific research and output accomplished over the past 30 years. The developments and progress in Antarctic research and the enhancement of international scientific cooperation achieved through the implementation of the CHINARE program have been remarkable. Since the 1980s, four permanent Chinese Antarctic research stations have been established successively and 33 CHINAREs have been completed. The research results have been derived from a series of spatiotemporal observations in association with various projects and multidisciplinary studies in the fields of oceanography, glaciology, geology, geophysics, geochemistry, atmospheric science, upper atmospheric physics, Antarctic astronomy, biology and ecology, human medicine, polar environment observation, and polar engineering

Aqueous electrosynthesis of an electrochromic material based water-soluble EDOT-MeNH2 hydrochloride

2\u27-Aminomethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT-MeNH2) showed unsatisfactory results when its polymerization occurred in organic solvent in our previous report. Therefore, a water-soluble EDOT derivative was designed by using hydrochloric modified EDOT-MeNH2 (EDOT-MeNH2·HCl) and electropolymerized in aqueous solution to form the corresponding polymer with excellent electrochromic properties. Moreover, the polymer was systematically explored, including electrochemical, optical properties and structure characterization. Cyclic voltammetry showed low oxidation potential of EDOT-MeNH2·HCl (0.85 V) in aqueous solution, leading to the facile electrodeposition of uniform the polymer film with outstanding electroactivity. Compared with poly(2′-aminomethyl- 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT-MeNH2), poly(2′-aminomethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene salt) (PEDOT-MeNH3 +A-) revealed higher efficiencies (156 cm2 C-1), lower bandgap (1.68 eV), and faster response time (1.4 s). Satisfactory results implied that salinization can not only change the polymerization system, but also adjust the optical absorption, thereby increase the electrochromic properties

Qos support in tactical manets

Bibliography: p. 165-17

Cross-layer optimization for energy efficiency and qos support in wireless sensor networks

Bibliography: p. 122-149

How do children coordinate information about mental states with social norms?

We investigated how 3-7-year-olds weigh and coordinate information about specific mental states with social norms in the domain of contextually conventional rules. With increasing age, participants increasingly took into account an actor's mental state to predict that actor's behavior. In a criticism judgment task, 7-year-olds could assign criticism conditional on mental state, with response patterns similar to those of adults; 5-year-olds assigned criticism regardless of the actor's mental state. Three-year-olds tended not to assign criticism at all, irrespective of the actor's mental state. Results indicated that the ability to weigh and coordinate information about mental states with understanding of norms depends on age and on the particular type of judgment being made. To some extent, our results may also reflect the influence of culture and parenting. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Optimal Hidden Node Area for Enhancing Routing Protocol Performance in IEEE 802.11 Multihop MANETs

The prevalence of hidden node areas in IEEE 802.11 multihop MANETs continues to hinder the performance of routing protocols. This letter presents an analytical model that relates the hidden node area to the hop distance between two communicating nodes. Unlike descriptions from the literature, we describe the hidden node area in terms of multiple layers and the different levels of interference contributed by each layer. We then develop mathematical expressions to determine the probability of successful delivery and end-to-end delay of a packet transmitted over multiple hops to a receiver node exposed to hidden nodes, as a function of hop distance. The numerical results show that decreasing the hop distance increases the probability of successful packet reception at a receiver, at the cost of increased end-to-end delay. However, using a specified delay objective, routing protocols can institute a hop distance threshold metric to limit the number of transmissions that produce collisions in the hidden node area and, thus, maximize their performance

Optimal Hidden Node Area for Enhancing Routing Protocol Performance in IEEE 802.11 Multihop MANETs

The prevalence of hidden node areas in IEEE 802.11 multihop MANETs continues to hinder the performance of routing protocols. This letter presents an analytical model that relates the hidden node area to the hop distance between two communicating nodes. Unlike descriptions from the literature, we describe the hidden node area in terms of multiple layers and the different levels of interference contributed by each layer. We then develop mathematical expressions to determine the probability of successful delivery and end-to-end delay of a packet transmitted over multiple hops to a receiver node exposed to hidden nodes, as a function of hop distance. The numerical results show that decreasing the hop distance increases the probability of successful packet reception at a receiver, at the cost of increased end-to-end delay. However, using a specified delay objective, routing protocols can institute a hop distance threshold metric to limit the number of transmissions that produce collisions in the hidden node area and, thus, maximize their performance.Peer Reviewe

Scalable streaming for heterogeneous clients

Periodic broadcast protocols enable the efficient streaming of highly popular media files to large numbers of concurrent clients. Most previous periodic broadcast protocols, however, assume that all clients can receive at the same rate, and also assume that available bandwidth is not time-varying. In this paper, we first develop a new periodic broadcast protocol, Optimized Heterogeneous Periodic Broadcast (OHPB), that can be optimized for a given population of clients with heterogeneous reception bandwidths and quality-of-service requirements. The OHPB protocol utilizes an optimized segment size progression determined by solving a linear optimization model that takes as input the client population characteristics and an objective function such as mean client startup delay. We then propose complementary client protocols employing work-ahead buffering of data during playback, so as to enable more uniform playback quality when the available bandwidth is time-varying