Apparent negative motion of vortex matter due to inhomogeneous pinning

We investigate the transport of vortices in superconductors with inhomgeneous pinning under a driving force. The inhomogeneity of pinning is simplified as strong-weak pinning regions. It is demonstrated that the interactions between the vortices captured by strong pinning potentials and the vortices in the weak pinning region cause absolute negative motion (ANM) of vortices: The vortices which are climbing toward the high barriers induced by the strong pinning with the help of driving force move toward the opposite direction of the force and back to their equilibrium positions in the weak pinning region as the force decreases or is withdrawn. Our simulations reveal that the hysteresis of ANM is determined by the competition between the speed of the negative motion which depends on the piining inhomogeneity in superconductors and the speed of the driving force. Under the conditions of either larger force scanning rate or higher pinning inhomogeneity, a marked ANM and a larger hysteretic speed-force loop could be observed. This indicates that the time window to observe the ANM should be chosen properly. Moreover, the V-1 characteristics of Ag-sheathed Bi=2223 tapes are measured, and experimental observations are qualitatively in agreement with the simulation

Isothermal Fatigue and Creep-Fatigue Interaction Behavior of Nickel-Base Directionally Solidified Superalloy

The creep-fatigue interaction in directionally solidified nickel-base superalloy was analyzed with the modified Chaboche-based unified viscoplasticity constitutive model. The model features the anisotropic material behavior, hardening/ softening, and stress relaxation. Simple low-cyclic fatigue and specified hold time experiments were conducted on a directionally solidified superalloy (DZ125) at temperatures over 760°C. The material parameters were optimized considering its tensile, cyclic and creep behavior with the Levenberg–Marquardt optimization procedure. The model was constructed in FORTRAN and integrated in FEA software UMAT/ABAQUS. The results show that experimental and simulated hysteresis loop size/shape, peak stresses, stress relaxation, and related areas are closely matched. The modified constitutive model was found to be instrumental for revealing the fatigue and creep-fatigue interaction behavior of such materials and can be used for practical applications.Взаимодействие ползучести и усталости в суперсплаве на основе никеля, полученного направленной кристаллизацией, проанализировано с помощью модифицированной унифицированной определяющей модели вязкопластичности Шабоша. Модель характеризует анизотропное поведение материала, упрочнение/разупрочнение и релаксацию напряжений. Эксперименты по определению малоцикловой усталости и времени пребывания выполнены на суперсплаве (DZ125) при температурах выше 760°С. Параметры материала оптимизированы с учетом его поведения при растяжении, циклической нагрузке и ползучести при помощи метода оптимизации Левенберга–Марквардта. Модель построена на языке ФОРТРАН и интегрирована в программу FEА UMAT/ABAQUS. Показано, что экспериментальные и модельные размеры/ форма петли гистерезиса, пиковые напряжения, релаксация напряжений и их область находятся в соответствии. Установлено, что модифицированную определяющую модель целесообразно применять при анализе усталости и взаимодействия ползучести и усталости подобных материалов, она может также найти практическое применение

Nonequilibrium dynamics in type-II superconductors with inhomogeneous vortex pinning

We study numerically the dynamics relating to negative vortex motion in inhomogeneous pinning systems. We show that this dynamical phenomenon results from the internal field effect produced by the growing local barriers with decreasing temperature. We find that the negative motion is characterized by a peak of negative voltage or resistance in resistance–temperature transport measurements. We also demonstrate that the time window to observe the negative motion is determined by the magnitude of driving force in addition to the temperature scanning rat

Nucleon-nucleon momentum correlation function for light nuclei

Nucleon-nucleon momentum correlation function have been presented for nuclear reactions with neutron-rich or proton-rich projectiles using a nuclear transport theory, namely Isospin-Dependent Quantum Molecular Dynamics model. The relationship between the binding energy of projectiles and the strength of proton-neutron correlation function at small relative momentum has been explored, while proton-proton correlation function shows its sensitivity to the proton density distribution. Those results show that nucleon-nucleon correlation function is useful to reflect some features of the neutron- or proton-halo nuclei and therefore provide a potential tool for the studies of radioactive beam physics.Comment: Talk given at the 18th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB18), Santos, Brasil, August 21-26, 2006. To appear in Nucl. Phys.

Scaling of anisotropy flows in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions

Anisotropic flows ($v_1$, $v_2$ and $v_4$) of light nuclear clusters are studied by a nucleonic transport model in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions. The number-of-nucleon scalings of the directed flow ($v_1$) and elliptic flow ($v_2$) are demonstrated for light nuclear clusters. Moreover, the ratios of $v_4/v_2^2$ of nuclear clusters show a constant value of 1/2 regardless of the transverse momentum. The above phenomena can be understood by the coalescence mechanism in nucleonic level and are worthy to be explored in experiments.Comment: Invited talk at "IX International Conference on Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions", Rio de Janeiro, Aug 28- Sept 1, 2006; to appear on the proceeding issue in Nuclear Physics

Cyclodextrin-based surface acoustic wave chemical microsensors

Cyclodextrin thin films were fabricated using either self-assembled monolayer (SAM) or solgel techniques. The resulting host receptor thin films on the substrates of surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators were studied as method of tracking organic toxins in vapor phase. The mass loading of surface-attached host monolayers on SAW resonators gave frequency shifts corresponding to typical monolayer surface coverages for SAM methods and ``multilayer`` coverages for sol-gel techniques. Subsequent exposure of the coated SAW resonators to organic vapors at various concentrations, typically 5,000 parts per millions (ppm) down to 100 parts per billions (ppb) by mole, gave responses indicating middle-ppb-sensitivity ({approximately}50 ppb) for those sensor-host-receptors and organic-toxin pairs with optimum mutual matching of polarity, size, and structural properties

Stress State Analysis of Iosipescu Shear Specimens for Aerogel Composite with Different Properties in Tension and Compression

AbstractThe objective of present research is to establish guidelines for preparing shear tests of ceramic-fiber-reinforced aerogel. The aerogel composite prepared by Sol-gel methods exhibits bi-modulus properties under tension and compression loadings. Bi- modulus constitutive model of the aerogel composite was built, and then verified by analysis of bending test. Finite element analysis (FEA) was presented on Iosipescu specimens with different V-notch and Round-notch configurations. Several trends have become evident: stress state of bi-modulus aerogel is different from that of isotropic material; stress concentration is a strong function of V-notch tip radius, and increasing V-notch tip radius can effectively reduce normal stress concentration at notch tips; shear stress distribution in the test region can be modified by varying notch angle when V-notch tip radius≤1.3mm; increasing the Round-notch radius can also effectively reduce the normal stress concentration at notch tips. Based on these observations, Round-notch specimen seems to be a favorable choice for reducing the normal stress concentration at notch tips, especially the longitudinal tensile stress concentration. Round-notch specimen with r=4mm is favorable for the uniformly distributed shear stress in the test region. Digital image correlation (DIC) was suggested for shear strain measuring