Crown dilacerations - Two case reports

Crown dilaceration is a relatively abnormal clinical finding when compared to root dilacerations. The incidence of crown dilacerations is stated to be as low as 3%. This report presents two cases of crown dilacerations in two different locations. A brief review of the literature pertinent to the condition, and the clinical and radiological features of this rarer entity are discussed

Observations on a bumper catch of oil sardine by Rampan nets in Goa

During the past decade Sardinella longiceps hascontributed about 30 to 50% of the total fish catchalong the Goa coast. The annual oil sardine landingsin Goa during the year 2015 and 2016 was 16,212and 24951 tons (t) respectively. There are 20 landingcentres on the South Goa district and 14 landingcentres in the North Goa district. At Pale LandingCentre (150 22" 017’ N 0730 52" 552’ E) fishing 20shoreseine (Rampan) units are engaged in fishing

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Influenza A Virus Infection-Induced Lung Injury

Parenchymal lung inflammation and airway and alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis are associated with cigarette smoke exposure (CSE), which contributes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Epidemiological studies indicate that people exposed to chronic cigarette smoke with or without COPD are more susceptible to influenza A virus (IAV) infection. We found increased p53, PAI-1 and apoptosis in AECs, with accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils in the lungs of patients with COPD. In Wild-type (WT) mice with passive CSE (PCSE), p53 and PAI-1 expression and apoptosis were increased in AECs as was lung inflammation, while those lacking p53 or PAI-1 resisted AEC apoptosis and lung inflammation. Further, inhibition of p53-mediated induction of PAI-1 by treatment of WT mice with caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide (CSP) reduced PCSE-induced lung inflammation and reversed PCSE-induced suppression of eosinophil-associated RNase1 (EAR1). Competitive inhibition of the p53-PAI-1 mRNA interaction by expressing p53-binding 3\u27UTR sequences of PAI-1 mRNA likewise suppressed CS-induced PAI-1 and AEC apoptosis and restored EAR1 expression. Consistent with PCSE-induced lung injury, IAV infection increased p53, PAI-1 and apoptosis in AECs in association with pulmonary inflammation. Lung inflammation induced by PCSE was worsened by subsequent exposure to IAV. Mice lacking PAI-1 that were exposed to IAV showed minimal viral burden based on M2 antigen and hemagglutination analyses, whereas transgenic mice that overexpress PAI-1 without PCSE showed increased M2 antigen and inflammation after IAV infection. These observations indicate that increased PAI-1 expression promotes AEC apoptosis and exacerbates lung inflammation induced by IAV following PCSE

Does exposure of male Drosophila melanogaster to acute gamma radiation influence egg to adult development time and longevity of F1–F3 offspring?

Two- to three-day-old male Drosophila melanogaster flies were irradiated with 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50 Gy doses of gamma radiation. The longevity and rate of development were observed for three successive generations to assess the impact of irradiation. The mean lifespan of irradiated flies was significantly increased at 1, 2 and 8 Gy, while it was vice versa for high doses at 30, 40 and 50 Gy. Paternal irradiation had an impact on F1 generation, with significantly increased mean longevity at 2 (female), 4, 6, 8 and 10 and decreased mean longevity at 40 and 50 Gy (male and female). Significant increase in the longevity was observed in the F2 generation of the 8 (male and female) and 10 Gy (male) irradiated groups, while decreased longevity was observed in F2 female progeny at 40 Gy. In the case of F3 progeny of irradiated flies, longevity did not show significant difference with the control. Paternal exposure to radiation had a significant impact on the mean egg to adult developmental time of the F1 generation; it was shortened at 2 Gy and extended at 25, 30, 40 and 50 Gy compared to the control. Mean development time at 30, 40 and 50 Gy was significantly increased in the F2 generation, while there were no significant changes in the F3 generation. The present study concludes that the effect of acute gamma irradiation on longevity and “egg to adult” development time of D. melanogaster may persist to following generations

Presence of Multiple Tendinous Insertions of Palmaris Longus: A Unique Variation of a Retrogressive Muscle

Background: Palmaris longus, being the most variable muscle of the upper extremity is generally considered important morphologically rather than functionally. The palmar aponeurosis represents the distal part of the tendon of Palmaris longus.Case Details: We report here a unique case of palmaris longus presenting variation distally as its tendon divides to gain multiple attachments with the fascia covering the abductor pollicis brevis, flexor retinaculum and the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris. In addition, it also continues as palmar aponeurosis as its normal course.Conclusion: Presence of this kind of variation might result in compression of the median and ulnar nerves and may aggravate the complications in case of inflammation of palmar aponeurosis thus mimicking the manifestations of Dupuytren’s contracture.Keywords: Palmaris longus, palmar aponeurosis, Dupuytren’s contractur

Fresh versus frozen embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort study

Background: Elective frozen embryo transfer (FET), has recently increased significantly with improvements in cryopreservation techniques. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials suggested that the endometrium in stimulated cycles is not optimally prepared for implantation; risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome reduced and pregnancy rates increased following FET and perinatal outcomes are less affected after FET. However, the evidence is not unequivocal and recent randomised control trials challenge the use of elective FET for the general IVF population. Pregnancy rates were analysed in a cohort of patients undergoing embryo transfers.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent embryo transfers from April 2018 to March 2019 at study centre in Surat.175 cycles of embryo transfers (119 fresh and 56 frozen) were included in the study. Outcomes measured were positive pregnancy, clinical pregnancy and ongoing clinical pregnancy rates achieved in the IVF-ET cycles.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between positive pregnancy rate (54.6% versus 60.7%, Odds ratio (OR) 0.78; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.41-1.49), clinical pregnancy rate (48.73% versus 57.14%, OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.1- 2.64) and ongoing clinical pregnancy rate  (45.38% versus 51.78% OR 1.4; 95% CI 0.29 - 6.67) in fresh ET and FET cycles, respectively, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all measures.Conclusions: Despite the observed higher rates of positive biochemical, clinical and ongoing clinical pregnancy per transfer in the FET cohort, these did not reach statistical significance. Thus, both transfer strategies are reasonable options, although there is a trend favouring the freeze-all strategy

Variation in pathogenicity among single-oospore isolates of Sclerospora graminicola, the causal organism of downy mildew in pearl millet

Variation in pathogenicity (virulence and aggressiveness) of various single-oospore isolates of Sclerospora graminicola, the causal organism of downy mildew in pearl millet, was studied. Oospore isolates were maintained as sporangial progenies on the susceptible pearl millet genotype 7042-S through asexual generations. Twenty single-oospore isolates obtained from samples of oospore inocula from three locations (the ICRISAT Centre, Coimbatore, and Hisar) in India, were tested for pathogenicity on 7042-S. All the isolates were virulent on 7042-S and they varied considerably, between and within locations, in infection efficiency (11–44% infection). The S. graminicola populations from the ICRISAT Centre and Hisar were significantly more aggressive than those from Coimbatore. Considerable variation was found among the 10 single-oospore isolates from the ICRISAT Centre in infection efficiency and for latent period on a set of resistant and susceptible genotypes. Seven representative isolates, two each from the ICRISAT Centre (ICOS) and Coimbatore (CBOS), and three from Hisar (HSOS), exhibited variation in infection efficiency, sporangial production capacity, and oospore production rating on the susceptible genotypes 7042-S and NHB 3. A pathogenic fitness index (PFI) was calculated for these isolates as the product of the reciprocal of the latent period × percentage infected seedlings × log10 sporangia per cm2 leaf area × oospore production rating. Aggressiveness of these isolates, measured as PFI, varied greatly. CBOS-1 was the least aggressive with a PFI of 8·5 on NHB 3 and 69·6 on 7042-S; the PFI of the other isolates ranged from 81·1 to 370·5. Downy mildew resistance in three of the five known resistant lines (700651, P7-4 and 7042-R) was consistently effective against all 10 ICOS isolates, indicating that the resistance of these three lines is likely to be more stable, at least at the ICRISAT location, than that of the other two resistant lines