Multi-step synthesis of nanoparticles performed on millisecond time scale in a microfluidic droplet-based system

This paper reports a plug-based, microfluidic method for performing multi-step chemical reactions with millisecond time-control. It builds upon a previously reported method where aqueous reagents were injected into a flow of immiscible fluid (fluorocarbons) (H. Song et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2003, 42, 768). The aqueous reagents formed plugs – droplets surrounded and transported by the immiscible fluid. Winding channels rapidly mixed the reagents in droplets. This paper shows that further stages of the reaction could be initiated by flowing additional reagent streams directly into the droplets of initial reaction mixture. The conditions necessary for an aqueous stream to merge with aqueous droplets were characterized. The Capillary number could be used to predict the behavior of the two-phase flow at the merging junction. By transporting solid reaction products in droplets, the products were kept from aggregating on the walls of the microchannels. To demonstrate the utility of this microfluidic method it was used to synthesize colloidal CdS and CdS/CdSe core-shell nanoparticles

Flow Field Characterization of an Angled Supersonic Jet Near a Bluff Body

An experiment was performed to acquire data from a hot supersonic jet in cross flow for the purpose of validating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) turbulence modeling relevant to the Orion Launch Abort System. Hot jet conditions were at the highest temperature and pressure that could be acquired in the test facility. The nozzle pressure ratio was 28.5, and the nozzle temperature ratio was 3. These conditions are different from those of the flight vehicle, but sufficiently high to model the observed turbulence features. Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) data and capsule pressure data are presented. Features of the flow field are presented and discusse

Moonlight functions of glycolytic enzymes in cancer

Since an extensive genome research has started, basic principle “one gene—one protein—one function” was significantly revised. Many proteins with more than one function were identified and characterized as “moonlighting” proteins, which activity depend not only on structural peculiarities but also on compartmentation and metabolic environment. It turned out that “housekeeping” glycolytic enzymes show important moonlight functions such as control of development, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, regulation of transcription and cell signaling. Glycolytic enzymes emerged very early in evolution and because of the limited content of genomes, they could be used as ancient regulators for intercellular and intracellular communication. The multifunctionality of the constitutively expressed enzymes began to serve cancer cell survival and growth. In the present review we discuss some moonlight functions of glycolytic enzymes that important for malignant transformation and tumor growth

Четверта міжнародна наукова-практична конференція «Комп’ютерне моделювання в хімії і технологіях та системах сталого розвитку»

Одержано математичний опис реактора-змішувача відділення дистиляції виробництва соди. Наводяться результати числових досліджень розкладання хлористого амонія гідроокисом кальцію. Їх аналіз дозволив визначати ефективність роботи реакційної зони реактора.Mathematical description of reactor-mixer of of soda production distillation department been obtained. Results over of computational simulation researches of decomposition of ammonium chloride by the hydroxide of calcium are represented. The fnflysis allowed determining efficiency of work of reactionary zone in reactor.Получено математическое описание реактора-смесителя отделения дистилляции производства соды. Приводятся результаты численных исследований разложения хлористого аммония гидроокисью кальция. Их анализ позволил определять эффективность работы реакционной зоны реактора

Problematic questions in the development of specific prevention of dengue fever

Dengue fever known from literary sources since the Qin dynasty (265-420) is caused in humans when bitten by Aedes mosquitoes infected with the dengue virus (DENV) and manifests as a flu-like disease. A feverish state can be accompanied by dyspeptic disorders (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and a rash. Approximately 1-2% of infections are clinically presented as the most severe form – it is dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) leading to 500 thousand annual hospitalizations with a mortality rate of about 5% in endemic areas.Four genetically removed DENV serotypes (1, 2, 3, and 4) are classified as different types of viruses within the same antigen complex and have almost identical epidemiological features. In 2013 a new serotype DENV-5 was isolated.Until the 1980s in most geographical regions of the world where dengue fever was registered only one or two viral serotypes were detected as an etiological agent of the disease. Over time there is an increase in the cocirculation of four types of viruses which can serve as a key indicator of their global spread. As the “traces” of the four DENV species overlap more and more the threat of severe disease increases due to the phenomenon of antibody-dependent of infection when re-infected with a heterologous viral serotype.Development of specific dengue fever prevention has been underway since 1944 (since the discovery of viral agents of this disease) but the first and so far only licensed in 2015 tetravalent vaccine-Dengvaxia developed by the French pharmaceutical company Sanofi Pasteur has been effective in varying degrees of protection against infection with each of the viral serotypes and in addition dangerous for previously seronegative people. Research aimed at obtaining a safe and effective vaccine is continuing. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are a necessary tool for studying the antigenic structure of viral immunogens as base of prevention preparates against dengue fever

Octahedral molybdenum cluster as a photoactive antimicrobial additive to a fluoroplastic

Finding methods that fight bacterial infection or contamination, while minimising our reliance on antibiotics is one of the most pressing needs of this century. Although the utilisation of UV-C light and strong oxidising agents, such as bleach, are still efficacious methods for eliminating bacterial surface contamination, both methods present severe health and/or environmental hazards. Materials with intrinsic photodynamic activity (i.e. a material's ability upon photoexcitation to convert molecular oxygen into reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen), which work with light within the visible photomagnetic spectrum could offer a significantly safer alternative. Here we present a new, bespoke molybdenum cluster (Bu4N)2[Mo6I8(n-C7F15COO)6], which is both efficient in the generation of singlet oxygen upon photoirradiation and compatible with the fluoropolymer (F23-L) known for its good oxygen permeability. Thus, (Bu4N)2[Mo6I8(n-C7F15COO)6]/F23-L mixtures have been solution-processed to give homogenous films of smooth and fibrous morphologies and which displayed high photoinduced antibacterial activity against four common pathogens under visible light irradiation. These materials thus have potential in applications ranging from antibacterial coatings to filtration membranes and air conditioners to prevent spread of bacterial infections