Development of Novel Transition Metal Catalyzed Transformations Involving Small, Strained Carbocycles

This document deals with 3-membered carbocycles; their use as ligands for the asymmetric Heck reaction (AHR), the development of novel methods for their synthesis, and reactions for their further functionalization. The first chapter discusses a novel class of cyclopropyl containing phosphanyl-oxazoline (PHOX) ligands which were developed for the palladium catalyzed AHR coupling of aryl-triflates with furans. The following chapter addresses the development of a high-throughput method for the asymmetric hydroformylation of styrenes. The final chapter discusses two methods for the synthesis of cyclopropenes, one of which involves the using of 18-crown-6 for facilitation of the dehydrobromination of cyclopropyl monobromides. The cyclopropenes obtained via these methods were then used in the development of an asymmetric, rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation process which resulted in the formation of chiral, non-racemic cyclopropylcarboxaldehydes in reasonable yield and ee

Relative Comparisons of User Hand Cleanliness Between New Technology (no touch) Public Restrooms and Older Technology Public Restrooms

It is the purpose of this experiment to see if the hands of individuals exiting newer technology public restrooms are cleaner than the hands of people exiting older technology public restrooms. Our hypothesis is newer technology public restrooms (NTPR) result in a greater overall degree of hand cleanliness when compared to the older technology public restrooms (OTPR). This paper fulfilled W. M. Sherrill\u27s Honor Contract for Honors Science. His faculty supervisor was Professor HM Seitz of Johnson County Community College

DAIRY GRAZING FINANCES IN MICHIGAN AND WISCONSIN, 1999

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate possible outcomes and problems of merging farm data sets from multiple states in order to build a statistically sound body of financial information that will help individual farmers analyze their own situations. This paper is in support of a grant titled "Regional/Multi-State Interpretation of Small Farm Financial Data" recently funded by USDA - IFAFS - Farm Efficiency and Profitability. Financial data sets came from dairy farms using management intensive grazing (MIG) strategies during 1999. There were 12 farms from Michigan and 19 farms from Wisconsin. Finpack and Finansum were used to process the data from all farms. Definitions and formulas are not given in this paper as they can be found in Finpack users' guides and manuals. The averages for all 31 farms are given in Tables 1 through 10 plus Figures 1 and 2. The averages for farms with less than 70 milk cows are given in Tables 11 through 20. Averages for farms with over 70 cows are in Tables 21 through 30. Towards the end of the paper is a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the data set and what should be considered as more states' data are merged into the grant project. The last page, Table 32, gives some income and expense categories on a per cow basis which may be useful in doing an individual farm comparative analysis.Agricultural Finance, Livestock Production/Industries,

Rational design of cyclopropane-based chiral PHOX ligands for intermolecular asymmetric Heck reaction

A novel class of chiral phosphanyl-oxazoline (PHOX) ligands with a conformationally rigid cyclopropyl backbone was synthesized and tested in the intermolecular asymmetric Heck reaction. Mechanistic modelling and crystallographic studies were used to predict the optimal ligand structure and helped to design a very efficient and highly selective catalytic system. Employment of the optimized ligands in the asymmetric arylation of cyclic olefins allowed for achieving high enantioselectivities and significantly suppressing product isomerization. Factors affecting the selectivity and the rate of the isomerization were identified. It was shown that the nature of this isomerization is different from that demonstrated previously using chiral diphosphine ligands.Financial support from the University of Kansas and the National Science Foundation (EEC-0310689) is gratefully acknowledged. We are grateful to International Collaboration Program, supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the Ural Federal University. We also thank National Science Foundation (grant CHE-0079282) for funds to purchase the X-ray instrument and Dr. V. W. Day (X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Kansas) for his assistance with X-ray crystallography

The Role of a Bioengineered Artificial Kidney in Renal Failure

Renal failure continues to carry substantial burden of morbidity and mortality in both acute and chronic forms, despite advances in transplantation and dialysis. There is evidence to suggest that the kidney has metabolic, endocrine, and immune effects transcending its filtration functions, even beyond secretion of renin and erythropoietin. Our laboratory has developed experience in the tissue culture of renal parenchymal cells, and has now been able to demonstrate the metabolic activity of these cells in an extracorporeal circuit recapitulating glomerulotubular anatomy. We have observed active transport of sodium, glucose, and glutathione. We describe the design and initial preclinical testing of the bioartificial kidney, as well as future directions of our research.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71995/1/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03841.x.pd

Analysis of atomic-clock data to constrain variations of fundamental constants

We present a new framework to study the time variation of fundamental constants in a model-independent way. Model independence implies more free parameters than assumed in previous studies. Using data from atomic clocks based on $^{87}$Sr, $^{171}$Yb$^+$ and $^{133}$Cs, we set bounds on parameters controlling the variation of the fine-structure constant, $\alpha$, and the electron-to-proton mass ratio, $\mu$. We consider variations on timescales ranging from a minute to almost a day. In addition, we use our results to derive some of the tightest limits to date on the parameter space of models of ultralight dark matter and axion-like particles

DAIRY GRAZING FINANCES IN MICHIGAN AND WISCONSIN, 1999

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate possible outcomes and problems of merging farm data sets from multiple states in order to build a statistically sound body of financial information that will help individual farmers analyze their own situations. This paper is in support of a grant titled "Regional/Multi-State Interpretation of Small Farm Financial Data" recently funded by USDA - IFAFS - Farm Efficiency and Profitability. Financial data sets came from dairy farms using management intensive grazing (MIG) strategies during 1999. There were 12 farms from Michigan and 19 farms from Wisconsin. Finpack and Finansum were used to process the data from all farms. Definitions and formulas are not given in this paper as they can be found in Finpack users' guides and manuals. The averages for all 31 farms are given in Tables 1 through 10 plus Figures 1 and 2. The averages for farms with less than 70 milk cows are given in Tables 11 through 20. Averages for farms with over 70 cows are in Tables 21 through 30. Towards the end of the paper is a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the data set and what should be considered as more states' data are merged into the grant project. The last page, Table 32, gives some income and expense categories on a per cow basis which may be useful in doing an individual farm comparative analysis

Experimental plans for electronic identification field test. [National Livestock Electronic Identification System]

The first experiments of the electronic identification field test are under way with continuous temperature monitoring equipment. Scientists at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) have nearly completed a reference identification and temperature monitoring system that will be compared with commercial systems in a field situation. Purchase of commercial equipment has been delayed because of difficulty of manufacturers in meeting the performance specifications but those problems appear to be near resolution. Organization of the user group is proposed and planning of the first experiments to evaluate the costs and benefits of a National Electronic Identification System

Family Context as It Relates to Weight-Related Behaviors in Preadolescent African American Girls

To examine family context in relation to body image, weight concerns, and weight control behaviors in preadolescent African American girls. Methods: Cross-sectional baseline data were analyzed from 303 African American girls 8 to 10 years old and a caregiver in the Girls health Enrichment Multi-site Studies Phase 2(GEMS), an obesity prevention intervention trial. Results: Fruit, juice, and vegetable accessibility and family support for healthy eating and physical activity were significantly related to girls\u27 body image and weight control behaviors. Conclusions: A comprehensive understanding of family factors may improve future programs aimed at preadolescent girls