The production of an urban revolution: tactics, police and public space in Cairo’s uprising

The following thesis presents a narrative of the uprisings that took place in Cairo, Egypt between 25 January, 2011 and 11 February, 2011 as they relate to notions of cities, the state and citizenship in spatial terms. I do so by looking at different series of events that took place during those 18 days of revolution: spatial tactics that protestors used against police, popular committees set up by neighborhoods to defend the streets after the withdrawal of the Egyptian police, the sudden participation of nonpolitical actors and groups, and ultimately the occupation of Cairo's Tahrir Square and the production of public space and new notions of citizenship that occurred within the square during this period. These various narratives are used to argue that sovereignty is ultimately very spatially limited (ontologically, not necessarily territorially), how the "informal" city and modes of urban existence produced not just resistance to the state but were transformed into tools of provocation and insurrection, and how public space—devalorized and heavily policed by the Egyptian state—was produced through the actions of protestors occupying Tahrir Square.Community and Regional PlanningLa

Preparation, Characterization and Electrical Conductivity of Condensed Sodium Phosphates

Condensed phosphates are generally prepared from their simple phosphates by heating at high temperature. The formation, structure and the morphology of the resultant condensed phosphates depend on the kind of inorganic cations as well as the conditions of preparation, temperature, heating time, and cooling rate of the melt. Condensed sodium phosphates were prepared by thermal treatment of NaH2PO4, the effect of calcinated temperature, also was studied. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR spectrum, Transmission electron microscope (TEM).The results indicate that the produced phosphate depends on the heat of calcinations. The electrical conductivity of the product was measured in range from room temperature up to 300 0C. The measurements show that the condensed phosphates tend to be a semiconductor material

Pertussis seroimmunity in mother-neonate pairs and other pediatric age groups from Egypt

Background: Despite the widespread availability of 2 classes of effective vaccines, whole cell and acellular, pertussis has resurged as a serious public health problem. We sought to investigate the pertussis immune status of mother-neonate pairs and children in our country where pertussis vaccination is obligatory. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 75 healthy full-term neonates and their mothers, 100 infants (2-24 months), 170 children (2-12 years) and 80 adolescents (12-18 years). Serum pertussis IgG was measured in all enrolled subjects. A positive titre was defined as >24 U/ml. Results: Positive pertussis IgG levels were detected in 69 of the mothers (92%), in 63 of their newborns (84%). Seroimmunity to pertussis was positively noted in 55% of infants, 82.2% of preschool children, 77.5% of school-aged children and 75% in adolescents. Serum pertussis IgG titers among the neonates showed a significant positive correlation with the maternal titers (P=0.00001). Higher rates of pertussis seroimmunity was observed among residents in urban and suburban areas as compared to those living in rural areas (P<0.05) . Conclusion: This pilot study may suggest the presence of sufficient pertussis seroimmunity rates in the studied age groups. Still, there were some failures in immune acquisition probably due to inefficient vaccination in some localities or waning of immunity with age. Wider scale studies would allow better insight into the pertussis immune status in our country and hence the need for booster immunization

GPS Modeling for Designing Aerospace Vehicle Navigation Systems

The complexity of the design of a Global Positioning System (GPS) user segment, as well as the performance demanded of the components, depends on user requirements such as total navigation accuracy. Other factors, for instance the expected satellite/vehicle geometry or the accuracy of an accompanying inertial navigation system can also affect the user segment design. Models of GPS measurements are used to predict user segment performance at various levels. Design curves are developed which illustrate the relationship between user requirements, the user segment design, and component performance

Algorithms for comparing large pedigree graphs

The importance of pedigrees is translated by geneticists as a tool for diagnosing genetic diseases. Errors resulting during collection of data and missing information of individuals are considered obstacles in deducing pedigrees, especially larger ones. Therefore, the reconstructed pedigree graph evaluation needs to be undertaken for relevant diagnosis. This requires a comparison between the derived and the original data. The present study discusses the isomorphism of huge pedigrees with labeled and unlabeled leaves, where a pedigree has hundreds of families, which are monogamous and generational. The algorithms presented in this paper are based on a set of bipartite graphs covering the pedigree and the problem addressed is parameter tractable. The Bipartite graphs Covering the Pedigree (BCP) problem is said to possess a time complexity of $f(k).mod(X)^{O(1)}$ where $f$ is the computing function that grows exponentially. The study presents an algorithm for the BCP problem that can be categorized as a polynomial-time-tractable evaluation of the reconstructed pedigree. The paper considers pedigree graphs that consist of both labeled and unlabeled leaves that make use of parameterized and kernelization algorithms to solve the problem. The kernelization algorithm executes in $O(k^3)$ for the BCP graphs

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Versus Ultrasonic Therapy on Functional Abilities in Children with Tennis Elbow a Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Background and Purpose: Extracorporeal shock-wave therapy (ESWT) is low-to medium-energy type of shockwave therapy. The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy versus ultrasonic therapy in controlling the elbow pain, muscles weakness and limited range of motion due to tennis elbow in children

Metabolomic profile, anti-trypanosomal potential and molecular docking studies of <i>Thunbergia grandifolia</i>

Trypanosomiasis is a protozoan disease transmitted via Trypanosoma brucei. This study aimed to examine the metabolic profile and anti-trypanosomal effect of methanol extract of Thunbergia grandifolia leaves. The liquid chromatography-high resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-HRESIMS) revealed the identification of fifteen compounds of iridoid, flavonoid, lignan, phenolic acid, and alkaloid classes. The extract displayed a promising inhibitory activity against T. brucei TC 221 with MIC value of 1.90 μg/mL within 72 h. A subsequent in silico analysis of the dereplicated compounds (i.e. inverse docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and absolute binding free energy) suggested both rhodesain and farnesyl diphosphate synthase as probable targets for two compounds among those dereplicated ones in the plant extract (i.e. diphyllin and avacennone B). The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiling of diphyllin and avacennone were calculated accordingly, where both compounds showed acceptable drug-like properties. This study highlighted the antiparasitic potential of T. grandifolia leaves

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the factor behind the development of liver cirrhosis, liver cell failure, and liver transplantation in many cases. However, its relation to atrial fibrillation (AF) could not be cleared up. AIM: The purpose of the study was to evaluate prevalence of AF in the setting of NAFLD; the association between them, and to evaluate risk factors of AF in this category of patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 400 patients between January 2018 and June 2019. These patients were analyzed for the presence of NAFLD and presence of persistent or chronic AF. RESULTS: There were 138 patients with NAFLD, and 20 patients with persistent or permanent AF. Factors associated with AF were old age, male gender, and high values of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine-aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, and serum uric acid. The participants with AF had a significantly greater prevalence of NAFLD than those without AF. CONCLUSION: Incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation in NAFLD patients were high. Severity of liver disease was an important predictor of new-onset atrial fibrillation

Physical activity level and stroke risk in US population: A matched case-control study of 102,578 individuals

Background: Stroke has been linked to a lack of physical activity; however, the extent of the association between inactive lifestyles and stroke risk has yet to be characterized across large populations. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the association between activity-related behaviors and stroke incidence. Methods: Data from 1999 to 2018 waves of the concurrent cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were extracted. We analyzed participants characteristics and outcomes for all participants with data on whether they had a stroke or not and assessed how different forms of physical activity affect the incidence of disease. Results: Of the 102,578 individuals included, 3851 had a history of stroke. A range of activity-related behaviors was protective against stroke, including engaging in moderate-intensity work over the last 30 days (OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.7-0.9; P = 0.001) and vigorous-intensity work activities over the last 30 days (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.5-0.8; P \u3c 0.001), and muscle-strengthening exercises (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.5-0.8; P \u3c 0.001). Conversely, more than 4 h of daily TV, video, or computer use was positively associated with the likelihood of stroke (OR = 11.7, 95% CI = 2.1-219.2; P = 0.022). Conclusion: Different types, frequencies, and intensities of physical activity were associated with reduced stroke incidence, implying that there is an option for everyone. Daily or every other day activities are more critical in reducing stroke than reducing sedentary behavior duration