Трансформация исследований риска в сфере культуры в условиях глобализации

У статті розглянуто та охарактеризовано основні підходи до розуміння ризиків. На основі сучасних розробок в сфері дослідження ризику визначено та проаналізовано трансформації та поширення ризиків на всі суспільні відносини за умов динамічної модернізації суспільства. Визначено поле подальших досліджень даної проблеми.In the article basic approaches to understanding risks are considered and described. On the basis of modern risks research transformation and spreading risks in all social relations during dynamic social modernization are defined and analyzed. The field of subsequent researches of the given problem is defined.В статье рассмотрены и даны характеристики основным подходам к пониманию рисков. На основе современных разработок исследования риска определено и проанализированы трансформации и распространение рисков на все общественные отношения в условиях динамической модернизации общества. Определено поле дальнейших исследований данной проблемы

Otx2 requires Lmx1b to control the development of mesodiencephalic dopaminergic neurons

Studying the development of mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons provides an important basis for better understanding dopamine-associated brain functions and disorders and is critical for establishing cell replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease. The transcription factors Otx2 and Lmx1b play a key role in the development of mdDA neurons. However, little is known about the genes downstream of Otx2 and Lmx1b in the pathways controlling the formation of mdDA neurons in vivo. Here we report on our investigation of Lmx1b as downstream target of Otx2 in the formation of mdDA neurons. Mouse mutants expressing Otx2 under the control of the En1 promoter (En1+/Otx2) showed increased Otx2 expression in the mid-hindbrain region, resulting in upregulation of Lmx1b and expansion of mdDA neurons there. In contrast, Lmx1b-/- mice showed decreased expression of Otx2 and impairments in several aspects of mdDA neuronal formation. To study the functional interaction between Otx2 and Lmx1b, we generated compound mutants in which Otx2 expression was restored in mice lacking Lmx1b (En1+/Otx2;Lmx1b-/-). In these animals Otx2 was not sufficient to rescue any of the aberrations in the formation of mdDA neurons caused by the loss of Lmx1b, but rescued the loss of ocular motor neurons. Gene expression studies in Lmx1b-/- embryos indicated that in these mutants Wnt1, En1 and Fgf8 expression are induced but subsequently lost in the mdDA precursor domain and the mid-hindbrain organizer in a specific, spatio-temporal manner. In summary, we demonstrate that Otx2 critically depends on Lmx1b for the formation of mdDA neurons, but not for the generation of ocular motor neurons. Moreover, our data suggest that Lmx1b precisely maintains the expression pattern of Wnt1, Fgf8 and En1, which are essential for mid-hindbrain organizer function and the formation of mdDA neurons

Nutritional and lifestyle behaviours reported following one anastomosis gastric bypass based on a multicentre study

This study was aimed to describe nutritional and lifestyle parameters following One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB). A multicenter study Two cross-sectional studies among OAGB patients across Israel (n=277) and Portugal (n=111) were was performed. Patients were approached ac-cording to the time elapsed since surgery. An online survey with information regarding de-mographics, anthropometrics, and nutritional and lifestyle aspects was administered in both countries simultaneously. Respondents from Israel (pre-surgery age of 41.6±11.0 years, 75.8% females) and Portugal (pre-surgery age of 45.6±12.3 years, 79.3% females) reported changes in their appetite (≤94.0% and ≤94.6%), changes in their taste (≤51.0 and ≤51.4%), and intolerance to specific foods (i.e., red meat, pasta, bread, and rice). Bariatric surgery-related eating recommendations were generally well followed, but a trend toward lower adherence was evident in groups with longer time elapsed since surgery in both countries. Most respondents from Israel and Portugal reported participation in follow-up meetings with a surgeon (≤94.0% and 100%) and a dietitian (≤92.6% and ≤100%), while much far fewer reported participation in any follow-up meeting with a psychologist/social worker (≤37.9% and ≤56.1%). Patients following OAGB might experience changes in appetite, taste, and intolerance for specific foods. Adherence to bariatric surgery-related eating recommendations is not always satisfying, especially in the longer-term post-surgery