A Review on Biometric Encryption System in Cloud Computing

This Review paper is about the security of bio metric templates in cloud databases. Biometrics is proved to be the best authentication method. However, the main concern is the security of the biometric template, the process to extract and stored in the database within the same database along with many other. Many techniques and methods have already been proposed to secure templates, but everything comes with its pros and cons, this paper provides a critical overview of these issues and solutions

Challenges in the prenatal and post-natal diagnosis of mediastinal cystic hygroma: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Cystic hygroma is a benign congenital neoplasm that mostly presents as a soft-tissue mass in the posterior triangle of the neck. Pure mediastinal lesions are uncommon; the vast majority are asymptomatic and are an incidental finding in adulthood. The diagnosis is often made intra- or postoperatively. Prenatal identification is exceptional and post-natal diagnosis also proves challenging.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report one such case that was mistaken for other entities in both the prenatal and immediate post-natal period. Initial and follow-up antenatal ultrasound scans demonstrated a multicystic lesion in the left chest, and the mother was counselled about the possibility of her baby having a congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Initial post-natal chest radiographs were reported as normal. An echocardiogram and thoracic computed tomography scan confirmed a complex multiloculated cystic mediastinal mass. The working diagnoses were of a mediastinal teratoma or congenital cystic adenomatous malformation. At operation, the lesion was compressed by the left lung and was found to be close to the left phrenic nerve, which was carefully identified and preserved. After excision, histopathological examination of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of cystic hygroma. Postoperative dyspnoea was observed secondary to paradoxical movement of the left hemidiaphragm and probable left phrenic neuropraxia. This settled conservatively with excellent recovery.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Despite the fact that isolated intrathoracic cystic hygroma is a rare entity, it needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of foetal and neonatal mediastinal masses, particularly for juxtadiaphragmatic lesions. The phrenic nerve is not identifiable on prenatal ultrasound imaging, and it is therefore understandable that a mass close to the diaphragm may be mistaken for a congenital diaphragmatic hernia because of the location, morphology and potential phrenic nerve compression. Post-natal diagnosis may also be misleading as many mediastinal cystic masses have similar appearances on imaging. Therefore, as well as cystic architecture, special consideration needs to be given to the anatomical location and effect on local structures.</p

Vascular effects of serelaxin in patients with stable coronary artery disease:A randomized placebo-controlled trial

Aims: The effects of serelaxin, a recombinant form of human relaxin-2 peptide, on vascular function in the coronary microvascular and systemic macrovascular circulation remain largely unknown. This mechanistic, clinical study assessed the effects of serelaxin on myocardial perfusion, aortic stiffness, and safety in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods and results: In this multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study, 58 patients were randomized 1:1 to 48 h intravenous infusion of serelaxin (30 µg/kg/day) or matching placebo. The primary endpoints were change from baseline to 47 h post-initiation of the infusion in global myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) assessed using adenosine stress perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and applanation tonometry-derived augmentation index (AIx). Secondary endpoints were: change from baseline in AIx and pulse wave velocity, assessed at 47 h, Day 30, and Day 180; aortic distensibility at 47 h; pharmacokinetics and safety. Exploratory endpoints were the effect on cardiorenal biomarkers [N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), endothelin-1, and cystatin C]. Of 58 patients, 51 were included in the primary analysis (serelaxin, n = 25; placebo, n = 26). After 2 and 6 h of serelaxin infusion, mean placebo-corrected blood pressure reductions of −9.6 mmHg (P = 0.01) and −13.5 mmHg (P = 0.0003) for systolic blood pressure and −5.2 mmHg (P = 0.02) and −8.4 mmHg (P = 0.001) for diastolic blood pressure occurred. There were no between-group differences from baseline to 47 h in global MPR (−0.24 vs. −0.13, P = 0.44) or AIx (3.49% vs. 0.04%, P = 0.21) with serelaxin compared with placebo. Endothelin-1 and cystatin C levels decreased from baseline in the serelaxin group, and there were no clinically relevant changes observed with serelaxin for NT-proBNP or hsTnT. Similar numbers of serious adverse events were observed in both groups (serelaxin, n = 5; placebo, n = 7) to 180-day follow-up. Conclusion: In patients with stable CAD, 48 h intravenous serelaxin reduced blood pressure but did not alter myocardial perfusion

Effects of late, repetitive remote ischaemic conditioning on myocardial strain in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Late, repetitive or chronic remote ischaemic conditioning (CRIC) is a potential cardioprotective strategy against adverse remodelling following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In the randomised Daily Remote Ischaemic Conditioning Following Acute Myocardial Infarction (DREAM) trial, CRIC following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (P-PCI) did not improve global left ventricular (LV) systolic function. A post-hoc analysis was performed to determine whether CRIC improved regional strain. All 73 patients completing the original trial were studied (38 receiving 4 weeks' daily CRIC, 35 controls receiving sham conditioning). Patients underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance at baseline (5-7 days post-STEMI) and after 4 months, with assessment of LV systolic function, infarct size and strain (longitudinal/circumferential, in infarct-related and remote territories). At both timepoints, there were no significant between-group differences in global indices (LV ejection fraction, infarct size, longitudinal/circumferential strain). However, regional analysis revealed a significant improvement in longitudinal strain in the infarcted segments of the CRIC group (from - 16.2 ± 5.2 at baseline to - 18.7 ± 6.3 at follow up, p = 0.0006) but not in corresponding segments of the control group (from - 15.5 ± 4.0 to - 15.2 ± 4.7, p = 0.81; for change: - 2.5 ± 3.6 versus + 0.3 ± 5.6, respectively, p = 0.027). In remote territories, there was a lower increment in subendocardial circumferential strain in the CRIC group than in controls (- 1.2 ± 4.4 versus - 2.5 ± 4.0, p = 0.038). In summary, CRIC following P-PCI for STEMI is associated with improved longitudinal strain in infarct-related segments, and an attenuated increase in circumferential strain in remote segments. Further work is needed to establish whether these changes may translate into a reduced incidence of adverse remodelling and clinical events. Clinical Trial Registration: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01664611

Assessment of myocardial injury using 3T MRI and potential attenuation in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Background:Microvascular obstruction (MVO) is an important predictor of short- and longer-term outcome following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The evidence base supporting the role of adenosine and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as the most evaluated adjunctive therapies aimed at attenuating MVO and infarct size (IS), remains weak as the trials have had variable endpoints, differing drug doses and delivery. As such, the results regarding benefit are conflicting.Objectives:To determine whether intracoronary administration of adenosine or SNP following thrombus aspiration reduce IS and MVO measured by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients undergoing PPCI within 6h of onset of STEMI.Design and Setting:Multi-centre, prospective, randomized, controlled and open-label trial with blinded end-point analysis undertaken at four high-volume PPCI centres in the UK.Participants:Patients presenting with STEMI undergoing planned PPCI with Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 0/1 flow in the infarct-related artery (IRA) and no significant bystander coronary artery disease on angiography.Interventions:Participants were allocated to three groups: (1) PPCI with adjunctive intracoronary (IC) adenosine, (2) PPCI with adjunctive IC SNP, (3) control (standard PPCI), following Bivalirudin anticoagulation and thrombus aspiration in all patients.Main outcome measures:The primary outcome was IS (determined as a percentage of total left ventricular mass, LVM) measured by CMR undertaken at 48-72 hours post-PPCI. Secondary outcome measures included MVO (hypoenhancement within the infarct core) on CMR, electrocardiographic and angiographic markers of microvascular perfusion and MACE during median 6-month follow-up. The study aimed to recruit 240 patients (powered at 80% to detect a 5% absolute reduction in IS).Results:In total, 247 patients (79% male with mean age 59.3±12.3 years) were randomized and CMR was undertaken in 207 patients with 197 (80%) completing for the primary outcome. There was no significant difference in IS between groups. However, adjusting for infarct location, there was a borderline significant increase in mean IS in the adenosine group (HR 2.86, 95% CI: +0.01 to +5.72, p=0.05) compared to control.Furthermore, on per-protocol analysis, IS was increased in adenosine treated patients compared to control (12.0 vs 8.3, p=0.031). Increased LV volumes and reduced EF were also observed in the adenosine arm. There was a significant increase in MACE in patients undergoing adenosine-facilitated PPCI compared to control driven by heart failure HR 5.39 [1.18-24.60], LogRank P=0.04) at 30 days and 6 months (HR 6.53 [1.46-29.2], LogRank P=0.01) post-randomisation.Conclusions:The randomised REFLO-STEMI trial tested the potential impact of locally delivered Adenosine and SNP, using a sensitive marker (CMR), on MVO and infarct size. There was no demonstrated efficacy with either drug. However, an increase in MACE rate was observed with adenosine. Adenosine is not routinely used prophylactically and so this is unlikely to lead to any change in current guidelines. The results probably have no bearing on Adenosine used to relieve observed angiographic no-reflow although they must be noted. However, the use of high-dose intra-coronary adenosine may be associated with cardiac toxicity and should not be used routinely in the setting of PPCI to prevent reperfusion injury.</div

Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the Ovate family protein in Oryza sativa under biotic and abiotic stresses

The Ovate Family Proteins (OFPs) are plant-specific transcription factors with a conserved OVATE domain. The OFPs regulate organ shape in Arabidopsis and many crops, including rice, tomato, and melon. However, little is known regarding the OFPs' potential role in regulating plant immune response to biotic/abiotic stresses. Herein, we reported the identification, bioinformatic, and Insilco analysis of OFPs in rice (Oryza sativa L). Thirty-one OsOFP genes were identified from the rice genome database and further divided into six subgroups based on their sequence similarities. Gene expression analysis in developmental stages indicated that some members of the OsOFP gene family displayed tissue-specific patterns. Enrichment of hormonal-related cis-acting elements and varied expression under phytohormones further validated their participation in hormone-mediated plant growth. The microarray expression analysis showed their possible involvement against salinity, drought, brown planthopper (BPH)_striped rice stemborer (SSB) (OsOFP25), and rice leaf folder (RLF) (OsOFP26) infestations. The higher expression of OsOFP25 in the OsWRKY65-OE line implies their key role in reproductive biology. These results provide a systematic analysis of the OsOFPs and lay a foundation for the functional characterization of this gene family

Multifocal Severe Coronary Artery Vasospasm Mistaken for Diffuse Atherosclerosis: A Case Report

License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Spontaneous severe multivessel coronary artery vasospasm is a rare but important cause of morbidity. One-third of patients have normal coronary vasculature, and these pose a significant therapeutic dilemma as lack of clinical suspicion might potentially lead to unnecessary revascularization therapies. A patient with resting chest pain and ischaemic electrocardiography demonstrated severe coronary obstruction at catheter angiography. Preangioplasty further information highlighted spasm as the likely cause and the angiographic abnormalities resolved post intracoronary nitrate. This paper emphasises thorough history-taking and judicious use of nitrates during diagnostic coronary angiography in such patients. This may negate the need for more complex cardiac interventions. 1

A Scalable and Minimized Butterfly Fat Tree (SMBFT) Switching Network for On-Chip Communication

Abstract: This study proposes a scalable and cost effective Network on Chip (NoC) based architecture that is a modified version of Butterfly Fat Tree (BFT) network and is known as Scalable and Minimized Butterfly Fat Tree (SMBFT) switching network. The corresponding floor plan and scalable routing algorithm for the proposed network is also presented. Component Based Interconnection Network Simulator (CINSIM) was used to evaluate the steady state as well as transient behaviors of SMBFT, BFT and Binary Tree switching networks for average delay at targets. Results show that the proposed on-chip network outperforms the other two in terms of average delay, area and cost. SMFBT also comprises of less number of routers, links and levels. Hence the proposed network of switches is superior to BFT and Binary Tree and can efficiently be used for on-chip communication networks