New Zealanders\u27 attitudes to milk : implications for public health

Objective: To identify consumer attitudes and beliefs about (liquid) milk that may be barriers to consumption.Design: Two random-quota telephone surveys conducted in Auckland one year apart. Respondents were questioned about their usual milk intake and their attitudes to milk. The questionnaire included attitude items that reflected the main themes of consumer interest in milk.Setting: New Zealand.Subjects: Seven hundred and thirteen respondents in the baseline survey and a separate sample of 719 respondents in the follow-up survey.Results: At least one-third of the respondents consumed less than a glass (250ml) of milk a day. Non-consumption was highest in young women (15%). People\u27s concerns about milk related to what was important in their lives; what threatens them physically and emotionally. Women held more positive attitudes but they were concerned about the fat content of milk. Men were less aware of milk\u27s nutritional benefits and as a result were less appreciative of its value.Conclusions: There is an opportunity to develop public health initiatives to address the barriers to drinking milk. Industry&ndash;health alliances may be an effective means to provide positive nutrition messages about milk and to engage the support of health professionals.<br /

Performance Evaluation of a Hydraulic Asphalt Concrete Pavement Capping a Hazardous Waste Site

Hydrologic Consultants, Inc. was contracted to undertake the closure of a former pesticide facility. While pesticide compounds were present on the site, they were located primarily in the top two feet of soil. Five remedial action alternatives for the site were reviewed; the remedial action selected was to cap the site. Because of the expense of obtaining clay in sufficient quantities, a less costly alternative to clay was adopted: a high-bitumen-content hydraulic asphalt concrete (HAC) pavement. For preliminary design purposes, a performance assessment was conducted utilizing the Hydraulic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) model to compare the relative performance of clay and asphalt capping material. The results of model simulations indicated that the asphalt pavement design with a permeability value of 10-

The therapeutic effect of dietary nitrate supplementation in healthy adults, individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Introduction and aim Increases in the bioavailability of nitric oxide have been shown to reduce the oxygen (O2) cost of exercise, improve exercise performance, alter gastric blood flow and mediate glucose uptake in healthy individuals. Aim; does dietary nitrate reduce the O2 cost of exercise, improve walking performance in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or alter hepatic diffusion and positively affect glucose homeostasis in healthy adults? Methods Experimental chapters utilised a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, experimental design. Breath by breath pulmonary gas analysis was utilised to assess the O2 cost of exercise in 48 individuals with T2DM and 13 with COPD. Walking performance was assessed via the six minute walk test (6MWT) in cohorts 1 and 2. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess portal vein flux, velocity and the apparent diffusion coefficient, in order to assess hepatic microvascular diffusion (apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)). Blood pressure (BP) was measured in all trials. Results Relative to placebo, beetroot juice resulted in a significant increase in plasma nitrate and nitrite. There were no differences between placebo vs. beetroot juice for the O2 cost of walking (T2DM: placebo; 946 ± 221 vs. beetroot juice; 939 ± 223 ml.min-1; P=0.59) or cycling (COPD: placebo; 933 ± 323 vs. beetroot juice; 939 ± 302 ml: min-1; P=0.88), distance covered in the 6MWT (T2DM: placebo; 550 ± 83 vs. beetroot juice; 554 ± 90m; P=0.17 or COPD: placebo; 456 ± 86 vs. beetroot juice; 449 ± 79 m; P=0.37) or BP (T2DM: systolic: placebo; 134 ± 10 vs. beetroot juice; 132 ± 12 mmHg, P=0.17; diastolic: placebo; 77 ± 7: vs. beetroot juice; 76 ± 11 mmHg, P=0.27. COPD: systolic: placebo; 123 ± 14 vs. beetroot juice; 123 ± 14 mmHg; P=0.91; diastolic: placebo; 77 ± 9 vs. beetroot juice; 79 ± 9 mmHg; P=0.27). No differences were seen between placebo and beetroot juice for ADC (young adults: F(3, 45) = 0.25, P = 0.74; older adults; F(3, 42) = 1.3, P = 0.28), portal vein flux (young adults: F(3, 45) = 0.339, P = 0.79; older adults; F(3, 42) = 1.65, P = 0.19) however, there was an interaction effect in the young adults: (F(3, 45) = 2.9, P = 0.04) but not in the older adults; F(3, 42) = 1.8, P = 0.16) between visits for portal vein velocity. Nitrate supplementation did not reduce plasma glucose concentrations (young adults: F(3, 45) = 0.96, P = 0.42; older adults; F(3, 42) = 0.04, P = 0.99). Nitrate supplementation did not reduce systolic blood pressure (young adults: F(3, 45) = 0.20, P = 0.89; older adults; F(3, 42) = 1.7, P = 0.18) or diastolic blood pressure (young adults: F(3, 45) = 0.25, P = 0.86; older adults; F(3, 42) = 0.45, P = 0.72). Conclusion Dietary nitrate supplementation does not alter the O2 cost of exercise, improve walking performance or reduce BP in individuals with T2DM or COPD. Nitrate supplementation does not alter hepatic diffusion, glucose homeostasis or BP.University of Exete

Prospectus, September 2, 2009

https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_2009/1021/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, July 22, 2009

https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_2009/1018/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, February 25, 2009

https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_2009/1005/thumbnail.jp

Assessing the fidelity of the independently getting up off the floor (IGO) technique as part of the ReTrain pilot feasibility randomised controlled trial for stroke survivors

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Purpose Hemiparesis and physical deconditioning following stroke lead to an increase in falls, which many individuals cannot get up from. Teaching stroke survivors to independently get off the floor (IGO) might mitigate long-lie complications. IGO was taught as part of a community-based, functional rehabilitation training programme (ReTrain). We explore the feasibility of teaching IGO and assess participant’s level of mastery, adherence, and injury risk. Materials and methods Videos of participants (n = 17) performing IGO at early, middle, and late stages of the ReTrain programme were compared to a manualised standard. A visual, qualitative analysis was used to assess technique mastery, adherence, and injury risk. Results Most participants (64%) achieved independent, safe practice of IGO. A good (73%) level of adherence to IGO and low incidence of risk of injury (6.8%) were observed. Deviations were made to accommodate for non-stroke related comorbidities. Conclusions IGO was successfully and safely practised by stroke survivors including those with hemiparesis. Trainers should be aware of comorbidities that may impede completion of IGO and modify teaching to accommodate individual need. Further research should assess if IGO can be utilised by individuals who have other disabilities with unilateral impairments and whether IGO has physical, functional and economic benefit. Implications for rehabilitation Falls are common in stroke survivors, and many are unable to get up despite being uninjured, leading to long-lie complications or ambulance call-outs but non-conveyance to hospital. Teaching the independently getting up off the floor (IGO) technique to stroke survivors was possible for those with or without hemiparesis, and remained safe despite modifications to accommodate an individual’s needs. Individual assessment is needed to check if a stroke survivor is suitable for learning IGO including, but not limited to, their ability to safely get to the floor and to temporarily stand (without support) at the end of the technique.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio