Empirical Object Detection Performance of Lidar and Multibeam Sonar Systems in Long Island Sound

A comparison of object detection capability of side scan sonar, multibeam sonar, and Lidar was conducted by NOAA in Long Island Sound. The seafloor is characterised by thousands of glacial erratics-boulders varying in size from cobbles to 10m on a side. The water turbidity varies from Secchi depth of 3.5m to 6m. A set of 93 features was selected from the side scan data and was compared with data from the multibeam sonar and the Lidar. The percentages of targets detected by the different systems were compared as a function of target size, target height, and water depth.NOAA efectuô una comparaciôn de la capacidad de detecciôn de objetos del sonar de barrido lateral, el sonar multihaz y el Lidar, en el Pasaje de Long Island. El fondo marino estâ caracterizado por millares de bloques de hielo errâticos, cuyo tamano varia desde cantos rodados de 10m por lado. La turbidez del agua varia de 3.5 a 6m de la profundidad de Secchi. Se seleccionô una colecciôn de 93 objetos de los datos de barrido lateral y se comparé con datos del sonar multihaz y el Lidar. Los porcentajes de los blancos detectados por los diferentes sistemas fueron comparados en funciôn del tamano y la altura del bianco y la profundidad del agua.La NOAA, à Long Island Sound, a effectué une comparaison entre les capacités de détection des objets à l ’aide du sonar à balayage latéral, du sonar multifaisceaux et du Lidar. Le fond marin est caractérisé par des milliers de galets irréguliers dont la taille varie et peut atteindre 10 m d'un côté. La turbidité de l'eau diffère, selon la profondeur de non visibilité du disque de Secchi, de 3.5m à 6m. Un ensemble de 93 éléments a été sélectionné à partir des données du sonar à balayage latéral et a été comparé avec les données du sonar multifaisceaux et du Lidar. Les pourcentages de cibles détectées par les différents systèmes ont été comparés à l ’aide des critères suivants:taille, hauteur et profondeur de la cible

The Navigation Surface: A New Database Approach to Creating Multiple Products from High-density Surveys

High-resolution bathymetric surveys are revolutionising hydrographic surveying. ln addition to safety-of-navigation , there are a host of other uses for high-resolution bathymetry, including habitat mapping, hydrologic modelling, marine archaeology, and marine environmental protection. However, at present, there is no suitable method that can be used to produce multiple products that meet the needs of both navigation customers and other users . A research project conducted at the University of New Hampshire developed a model of the seafloor that is optimised for safety-of-navigation . This new technique bypasses the rather subjective, \u27selected soundings\u27 approach. Instead, a statistical model is created directly from the cleaned and processed data. The model - called a \u27navigation surface\u27 - consists of a high-resolution bathymetric grid with an uncertainty value assigned to each node on the grid. The model is then optimised to preserve the least depths over significant features . For each node an uncertainty value is computed which becomes an integral part of the model. The distribution of the points around the mean is combined with the predicted uncertainty of each measurement to form an overall uncertainty model. For low-density single-beam and lead-line surveys, the area between measurements is modelled based on a triangular irregular network (TIN). The uncertainty model then incorporates the distance from the measurement, as well as the uncertainty of the measurement itse lf

Calibrating mars orbiter laser altimeter pulse widths at mars science laboratory candidate landing sites

Accurate estimates of surface roughness allow quantitative comparisons between planetary terrains. These comparisons enable us to improve our understanding of commonly occurring surface processes, and develop a more complete analysis of candidate landing and roving sites. A (secondary) science goal of the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter was to map surface roughness within the laser footprint using the backscatter pulse-widths of individual pulses, at finer scales than can be derived from the elevation profiles. On arrival at the surface, these pulses are thought to have diverged to between 70 and 170 m, corresponding to surface roughness estimates at 35 and 70 m baselines respectively; however, the true baseline and relationship remains unknown. This work compares the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter pulse-widths to surface roughness estimates at various baselines from high-resolution digital terrain models at the final four candidate landing sites of Mars Science Laboratory. The objective was to determine the true baseline at which surface roughness can be estimated, and the relationship between surface roughness and the pulse-widths, to improve the reliability of current global surface roughness estimates from pulse-width maps. The results seem to indicate that pulse-widths from individual shots are an unreliable indicator of surface roughness, and instead, the pulse-widths should be downsampled to indicate regional roughness, with the Slope-Corrected pulse-width dataset performing best. Where Rough Patches are spatially large compared to the footprint of the pulse, pulse-widths can be used as an indicator of surface roughness at baselines of 150 to 300 m; where these patches are spatially small, as observed at Mawrth Vallis, pulse-widths show no correlation to surface roughness. This suggests that a more complex relationship exists, with varying correlations observed, which appear dependent on the distribution of roughness across the sites

Spectroscopy of A=12 at High Excitation

Supported by the National Science Foundation and Indiana Universit

Measuring Relations Between Concepts In Conceptual Spaces

The highly influential framework of conceptual spaces provides a geometric way of representing knowledge. Instances are represented by points in a high-dimensional space and concepts are represented by regions in this space. Our recent mathematical formalization of this framework is capable of representing correlations between different domains in a geometric way. In this paper, we extend our formalization by providing quantitative mathematical definitions for the notions of concept size, subsethood, implication, similarity, and betweenness. This considerably increases the representational power of our formalization by introducing measurable ways of describing relations between concepts.Comment: Accepted at SGAI 2017 (http://www.bcs-sgai.org/ai2017/). The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71078-5_7. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1707.05165, arXiv:1706.0636

Supplemental Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Bt Transgenic Sweet Corn with Biologically-Based Spray Treatments

Biologically-based spray treatments, including nucleopolyhedroviruses, neem, and spinosad, were evaluated as supplemental controls for the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on transgenic sweet corn, Zea mays (L.) (Poales: Poaceae), expressing a Cry1Ab toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) (Bt). Overall, transgenic corn supported lower densities of both pests than did nontransgenic corn. Control of the fall armyworm was improved in both whorl-stage and tassel-stage corn by the use of either a nucleopolyhedrovirus or neem, but the greatest improvement was seen with spinosad. Only spinosad consistently reduced damage to ears, which was caused by both pest species. In general, efficacy of the spray materials did not differ greatly between transgenic and nontransgenic corn

Genetic contributions to visuospatial cognition in Williams syndrome: insights from two contrasting partial deletion patients

Background Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder arising from a hemizygotic deletion of approximately 27 genes on chromosome 7, at locus 7q11.23. WS is characterised by an uneven cognitive profile, with serious deficits in visuospatial tasks in comparison to relatively proficient performance in some other cognitive domains such as language and face processing. Individuals with partial genetic deletions within the WS critical region (WSCR) have provided insights into the contribution of specific genes to this complex phenotype. However, the combinatorial effects of different genes remain elusive. Methods We report on visuospatial cognition in two individuals with contrasting partial deletions in the WSCR: one female (HR), aged 11 years 9 months, with haploinsufficiency for 24 of the WS genes (up to GTF2IRD1), and one male (JB), aged 14 years 2 months, with the three most telomeric genes within the WSCR deleted, or partially deleted. Results Our in-depth phenotyping of the visuospatial domain from table-top psychometric, and small- and large-scale experimental tasks reveal a profile in HR in line with typically developing controls, albeit with some atypical features. These data are contrasted with patient JB’s atypical profile of strengths and weaknesses across the visuospatial domain, as well as with more substantial visuospatial deficits in individuals with the full WS deletion. Conclusions Our findings point to the contribution of specific genes to spatial processing difficulties associated with WS, highlighting the multifaceted nature of spatial cognition and the divergent effects of genetic deletions within the WSCR on different components of visuospatial ability. The importance of general transcription factors at the telomeric end of the WSCR, and their combinatorial effects on the WS visuospatial phenotype are also discussed

The Role of Final State Interactions in Quasielastic 56^{56}Fe(e,e′)(e,e') Reactions at large ∣q⃗∣|\vec q|

A relativistic finite nucleus calculation using a Dirac optical potential is used to investigate the importance of final state interactions [FSI] at large momentum transfers in inclusive quasielastic electronuclear reactions. The optical potential is derived from first-order multiple scattering theory and then is used to calculate the FSI in a nonspectral Green's function doorway approach. At intermediate momentum transfers excellent predictions of the quasielastic $^{56}$Fe$(e,e')$ experimental data for the longitudinal response function are obtained. In comparisons with recent measurements at $|{\vec q|}=1.14$~GeV/c the theoretical calculations of $R_L$ give good agreement for the quasielastic peak shape and amplitude, but place the position of the peak at an energy transfer of about $40$~MeV higher than the data.Comment: 13 pages typeset using revtex 3.0 with 6 postscript figures in accompanying uuencoded file; submitted to Phys. Rev.

Magnetoconductivity of quantum wires with elastic and inelastic scattering

We use a Boltzmann equation to determine the magnetoconductivity of quantum wires. The presence of a confining potential in addition to the magnetic field removes the degeneracy of the Landau levels and allows one to associate a group velocity with each single-particle state. The distribution function describing the occupation of these single-particle states satisfies a Boltzmann equation, which may be solved exactly in the case of impurity scattering. In the case where the electrons scatter against both phonons and impurities we solve numerically - and in certain limits analytically - the integral equation for the distribution function, and determine the conductivity as a function of temperature and magnetic field. The magnetoconductivity exhibits a maximum at a temperature, which depends on the relative strength of the impurity and electron-phonon scattering, and shows oscillations when the Fermi energy or the magnetic field is varied.Comment: 21 pages (revtex 3.0), 5 postscript figures available upon request at [email protected] or [email protected]

Using interpretative phenomenological analysis to inform physiotherapy practice: An introduction with reference to the lived experience of cerebellar ataxia

The attached file is a pre-published version of the full and final paper which can be found at the link below.This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.Qualitative research methods that focus on the lived experience of people with health conditions are relatively underutilised in physiotherapy research. This article aims to introduce interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), a research methodology oriented toward exploring and understanding the experience of a particular phenomenon (e.g., living with spinal cord injury or chronic pain, or being the carer of someone with a particular health condition). Researchers using IPA try to find out how people make sense of their experiences and the meanings they attach to them. The findings from IPA research are highly nuanced and offer a fine grained understanding that can be used to contextualise existing quantitative research, to inform understanding of novel or underresearched topics or, in their own right, to provoke a reappraisal of what is considered known about a specified phenomenon. We advocate IPA as a useful and accessible approach to qualitative research that can be used in the clinical setting to inform physiotherapy practice and the development of services from the perspective of individuals with particular health conditions.This article is available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund