TREM-1 Promotes Pancreatitis-Associated Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) can cause intestinal barrier dysfunction (IBD), which significantly increases the disease severity and risk of mortality. We hypothesized that the innate immunity- and inflammatory-related protein-triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) contributes to this complication of SAP. Thus, we investigated the effect of TREM-1 pathway modulation on a rat model of pancreatitis-associated IBD. In this study we sought to clarify the role of TREM-1 in the pathophysiology of intestinal barrier dysfunction in SAP. Specifically, we evaluated levels of serum TREM-1 and membrane-bound TREM-1 in the intestine and pancreas from an animal model of experimentally induced SAP. TREM-1 pathway blockade by LP17 treatment may suppress pancreatitis-associated IBD and ameliorate the damage to the intestinal mucosa barrier

Electric-field Control of Magnetism with Emergent Topological Hall Effect in SrRuO3 through Proton Evolution

Ionic substitution forms an essential pathway to manipulate the carrier density and crystalline symmetry of materials via ion-lattice-electron coupling, leading to a rich spectrum of electronic states in strongly correlated systems. Using the ferromagnetic metal SrRuO3 as a model system, we demonstrate an efficient and reversible control of both carrier density and crystalline symmetry through the ionic liquid gating induced protonation. The insertion of protons electron-dopes SrRuO3, leading to an exotic ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition along with the increase of proton concentration. Intriguingly, we observe an emergent topological Hall effect at the boundary of the phase transition as the consequence of the newly-established Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction owing to the breaking of inversion symmetry in protonated SrRuO3 with the proton compositional film-depth gradient. We envision that electric-field controlled protonation opens a novel strategy to design material functionalities

Observation of Quantum Griffiths Singularity and Ferromagnetism at Superconducting LaAlO3/SrTiO3(110) Interface

Diverse phenomena emerge at the interface between band insulators LaAlO3 and SrTiO3, such as superconductivity and ferromagnetism, showing an opportunity for potential applications as well as bringing fundamental research interests. Particularly, the two-dimensional electron gas formed at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface offers an appealing platform for quantum phase transition from a superconductor to a weakly localized metal. Here we report the superconductor-metal transition in superconducting two-dimensional electron gas formed at LaAlO3/SrTiO3(110) interface driven by a perpendicular magnetic field. Interestingly, when approaching the quantum critical point, the dynamic critical exponent is not a constant but a diverging value, which is a direct evidence of quantum Griffiths singularity raised from quenched disorder at ultralow temperatures. Furthermore, the hysteretic property of magnetoresistance was firstly observed at LaAlO3/SrTiO3(110) interfaces, which suggests potential coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism

Efficient organic solar cells enabled by simple non-fused electron donors with low synthetic complexity

Abstract Fused‐ring electron donors boost the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs), but they suffer from high cost and low yield for their large synthetic complexity (SC > 30%). Herein, the authors develop a series of simple non‐fused‐ring electron donors, PF1 and PF2, which alternately consist of furan‐3‐carboxylate and 2,2′‐bithiophene. Note that PF1 and PF2 present very small SC of 9.7% for their inexpensive raw materials, facile synthesis, and high synthetic yield. Compared to their all‐thiophene‐backbone counterpart PT‐E, two new polymers feature larger conjugated plane, resulting in higher hole mobility for them, especially a value up to ≈10 −4 cm 2 V −1 ·s for PF2 with longer alkyl side chain. Meanwhile, PF1 and PF2 exhibit larger dielectric constant and deeper electronic energy level versus PT‐E. Benefiting from the better physicochemical properties, the efficiencies of PF1‐ and PF2‐based devices are improved by ≈16.7% and ≈71.3% relative to that PT‐E‐based devices, respectively. Furthermore, the optimized PF2‐based devices with introducing PC 71 BM as the third component deliver a higher efficiency of 12.40%. The work not only indicates that furan‐3‐carboxylate is a simple yet efficient building block for constructing non‐fused‐ring polymers but also provides a promising electron donor PF2 for the low‐cost production of OSCs.A simple structure non‐fused‐ring electron donor PF2 alternately consisting of furan‐3‐carboxylate and 2,2′‐bithiophene presents very small synthetic complexity of 9.7% as well as low material cost of ≈19.0 $ g −1 . More importantly, PF2 delivers a high efficiency of 12.4% coupled with strong operational stability. imag

Reversible manipulation of the magnetic state in SrRuO3 through electric-field controlled proton evolution

Ionic substitution forms an essential pathway to manipulate the structural phase, carrier density and crystalline symmetry of materials via ion-electron-lattice coupling, leading to a rich spectrum of electronic states in strongly correlated systems. Using the ferromagnetic metal SrRuO3 as a model system, we demonstrate an efficient and reversible control of both structural and electronic phase transformations through the electric-field controlled proton evolution with ionic liquid gating. The insertion of protons results in a large structural expansion and increased carrier density, leading to an exotic ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition. Importantly, we reveal a novel protonated compound of HSrRuO3 with paramagnetic metallic as ground state. We observe a topological Hall effect at the boundary of the phase transition due to the proton concentration gradient across the film-depth. We envision that electric-field controlled protonation opens up a pathway to explore novel electronic states and material functionalities in protonated material systems

Robust H

The robust H∞ control problem for discrete-time stochastic interval system (DTSIS) with time delay is investigated in this paper. The stochastic interval system is equivalently transformed into a kind of stochastic uncertain time-delay system firstly. By constructing the appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, the sufficient conditions for the existence of the robust H∞ controller for DTSIS are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) form, and the robust H∞ controller is designed. Finally, a numerical example with simulation is given to show the effectiveness and correctness of the designed robust H∞ controller