CRLBs for Pilot-Aided Channel Estimation in OFDM System under Gaussian and Non-Gaussian Mixed Noise

The determination of Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) as an optimality criterion for the problem of channel estimation in wireless communication is a very important issue. Several CRLBs on channel estimation have been derived for Gaussian noise. However, a practical channel is affected by not only Gaussian background noise but also non-Gaussian noise such as impulsive interference. This paper derives the deterministic and stochastic CRLBs for Gaussian and non-Gaussian mixed noise. Due to the use of the non-parametric kernel method to build the PDF of non-Gaussian noise, the proposed CRLBs are suitable for practical channel environments with various noise distributions

Engineering the accurate distortion of an object's temperature-distribution signature

It is up to now a challenge to control the conduction of heat. Here we develop a method to distort the temperature distribution signature of an object at will. As a result, the object accurately exhibits the same temperature distribution signature as another object that is predetermined, but actually does not exist in the system. Our finite element simulations confirm the desired effect for different objects with various geometries and compositions. The underlying mechanism lies in the effects of thermal metamaterials designed by using this method. Our work is of value for applications in thermal engineering.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

The Kinematic Properties of Double-Barred Galaxies: Simulations Vs. Integral-Field Observations

Using high resolution N -body simulations, we recently reported that a dynamically cool inner disk embedded in a hotter outer disk can naturally generate a steady double-barred (S2B) structure. Here we study the kinematics of these S2B simulations, and compare them to integral-field observations from ATLAS3D and SAURON. We show that S2B galaxies exhibit several distinct kinematic features, namely: (1) significantly distorted isovelocity contours at the transition region between the two bars, (2) peaks in σLOS along the minor axis of inner bars, which we term “σ-humps”, that are often accompanied by ring/spiral-like features of increased σLOS, (3) h3 − v¯ anti-correlations in the region of the inner bar for certain orientations, and (4) rings of positive h4 when viewed at low inclinations. The most impressive of these features are the σ-humps; these evolve with the inner bar, oscillating in strength just as the inner bar does as it rotates relative to the outer bar. We show that, in cylindrical coordinates, the inner bar has similar streaming motions and velocity dispersion properties as normal large-scale bars, except for σz , which exhibits peaks on the minor axis, i.e., humps. These σz humps are responsible for producing the σ-humps. For three well-resolved early-type S2Bs (NGC 2859, NGC 2950, and NGC 3941) and a potential S2B candidate (NGC 3384), the S2B model qualitatively matches the integral-field data well, including the “σ-hollows” previously identified. We also discuss the kinematic effect of a nuclear disk in S2Bs

Accelerator measurement of the energy spectra of neutrons emitted in the interaction of 3-GeV protons with several elements

The application of time of flight techniques for determining the shapes of the energy spectra of neutrons between 20 and 400 MeV is discussed. The neutrons are emitted at 20, 34, and 90 degrees in the bombardment of targets by 3 GeV protons. The targets used are carbon, aluminum, cobalt, and platinum with cylindrical cross section. Targets being bombarded are located in the internal circulating beam of a particle accelerator

Wigner-Moyal description of free variable mass Klein-Gordon fields

A system of coupled kinetic transport equations for the Wigner distributions of a free variable mass Klein-Gordon field is derived. This set of equations is formally equivalent to the full wave equation for electromagnetic waves in nonlinear dispersive media, thus allowing for the description of broadband radiation-matter interactions and the associated instabilities. The standard results for the classical wave action are recovered in the short wavelength limit of the generalized Wigner-Moyal formalism for the wave equation.Comment: 9 pages, accepted for publication in Journal of Mathematical Physic