467 research outputs found
2-(1H-Pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-yl)pyridine
In the title compound, C12H9N3, the dihedral angle between the pyridine and azaindole rings is 6.20 (2)°. In the crystal, pairs of N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link molecules into inversion dimers
Prevalence and Associated Metabolic Factors of Gallstone Disease in the Elderly Agricultural and Fishing Population of Taiwan
Purpose. To evaluate sex-related differences in the prevalence of and cardiovascular risk factors related to gallstone disease (GSD) in an elderly agricultural and fishing population of Taipei, Taiwan. Methods. The study sample consisted of 6511 healthy elderly participants (3971 men and 2540 women) who were voluntarily admitted to a teaching hospital for a physical checkup in 2010. The participants’ blood samples and real-time ultrasound fatty liver results were collected. Results. The prevalence of GSD in the study population was 13.2%, which increased significantly with population age (P<.0001). Women were associated with significantly higher GSD prevalence than men (14.8% versus 12.2%; for the chi-square test, P=.003). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, female sex, older age, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) were significantly associated with GSD. Multiple logistic regression analysis also revealed that obesity (odds ratio OR=1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09–1.44) and metabolic factors (one or 2 versus none, OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.08–1.76) were significantly associated with GSD in women but not in men. Conclusion. In the study population, female sex, older age, and MetS were associated with higher GSD prevalence. The population exhibited other sex-related differences
3,4-Dinitro-2,5-bis[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thiophene
The title compound, C18H8F6N2O4S, is a precursor for the production of low-band-gap conjugated polymers. In the crystal structure, the dihedral angles between the thiophene and benzene rings are 35.90 (8) and 61.94 (8)°, and that between the two benzene rings is 40.18 (8)°. The two nitro groups are twisted with respect to the thiophene ring, the dihedral angles being 53.66 (10) and 31.63 (10)°. Weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding helps to stabilize the crystal structure
Preparation of Monodisperse Iron Oxide Nanoparticles via the Synthesis and Decomposition of Iron Fatty Acid Complexes
Iron fatty acid complexes (IFACs) are prepared via the dissolution of porous hematite powder in hot unsaturated fatty acid. The IFACs are then decomposed in five different organic solvents under reflux conditions in the presence of the respective fatty acid. The XRD analysis results indicate that the resulting NPs comprise a mixture of wustite, magnetite, and maghemite phases. The solvents with a higher boiling point prompt the formation of larger NPs containing wustite as the major component, while those with a lower boiling point produce smaller NPs with maghemite as the major component. In addition, it is shown that unstable NPs with a mixed wustite–magnetite composition can be oxidized to pure maghemite by extending the reaction time or using an oxidizing agent
Biochanin A, a Phytoestrogenic Isoflavone with Selective Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 4, Suppresses Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness
The present study investigated the potential of biochanin A, a phytoestrogenic
isoflavone of red clover (Triflolium pratense), for use in treating asthma or chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Biochanin A (100 μmol/kg, orally (p.o.))
significantly attenuated airway resistance (RL), enhanced pause (Penh), and increased lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn) values induced by methacholine (MCh) in sensitized and challenged mice. It also significantly suppressed an increase in the number of total inflammatory cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils, and levels of cytokines,
including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in
bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the mice. However, it did not influence
interferon (IFN)-γ levels. Biochanin A (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) also significantly
suppressed the total and ovalbumin (OVA)-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in
the serum and BALF, and enhanced the total IgG2a level in the serum of these mice.
The PDE4H/PDE4L value of biochanin A was calculated as >35. Biochanin A did not influence xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia. Biochanin A (10~30 μM) significantly reduced cumulative OVA (10~100 μg/mL)-induced contractions in the isolated guinea pig trachealis, suggesting that it inhibits degranulation of mast cells.
In conclusion, red clover containing biochanin A has the potential for treating allergic asthma and COPD
Subcutaneous nerve activity is more accurate than heart rate variability in estimating cardiac sympathetic tone in ambulatory dogs with myocardial infarction
BACKGROUND: We recently reported that subcutaneous nerve activity (SCNA) can be used to estimate sympathetic tone.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that left thoracic SCNA is more accurate than heart rate variability (HRV) in estimating cardiac sympathetic tone in ambulatory dogs with myocardial infarction (MI).
METHODS: We used an implanted radiotransmitter to study left stellate ganglion nerve activity (SGNA), vagal nerve activity (VNA), and thoracic SCNA in 9 dogs at baseline and up to 8 weeks after MI. HRV was determined based on time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear analyses.
RESULTS: The correlation coefficients between integrated SGNA and SCNA averaged 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41-1.06) at baseline and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.63-1.01) after MI (P <.05 for both). The absolute values of the correlation coefficients were significantly larger than that between SGNA and HRV analysis based on time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear analyses, respectively, at baseline (P <.05 for all) and after MI (P <.05 for all). There was a clear increment of SGNA and SCNA at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after MI, whereas HRV parameters showed no significant changes. Significant circadian variations were noted in SCNA, SGNA, and all HRV parameters at baseline and after MI, respectively. Atrial tachycardia (AT) episodes were invariably preceded by SCNA and SGNA, which were progressively increased from 120th, 90th, 60th, to 30th seconds before AT onset. No such changes of HRV parameters were observed before AT onset.
CONCLUSION: SCNA is more accurate than HRV in estimating cardiac sympathetic tone in ambulatory dogs with MI
Relationship between obesity, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the elderly agricultural and fishing population of Taiwan
Optimal anticoagulation in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: Which drug at which dose?
Aging is an important risk factor for adverse events in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and complicates the management of anticoagulation. Underuse of oral anticoagulants (OACs) is common in elderly patients because of comorbidities, the altered physiological function of multiple organs, frailty, risk of falls, and the lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) specifically for elderly patients. Nevertheless, current data still support OACs use for reducing ischemic stroke with positive net clinical benefits. Sub-analyses of RCTs and real-world cohort studies showed that non-vitamin K antagonist OACs (NOACs) would be more favorable choices compared to warfarin for stroke prevention in the elderly. This review will discuss important data on stroke prevention and the use of NOACs in elderly AF patients
Visualizing Exotic Orbital Texture in the Single-Layer Mott Insulator 1T-TaSe2
Mott insulating behavior is induced by strong electron correlation and can
lead to exotic states of matter such as unconventional superconductivity and
quantum spin liquids. Recent advances in van der Waals material synthesis
enable the exploration of novel Mott systems in the two-dimensional limit. Here
we report characterization of the local electronic properties of single- and
few-layer 1T-TaSe2 via spatial- and momentum-resolved spectroscopy involving
scanning tunneling microscopy and angle-resolved photoemission. Our combined
experimental and theoretical study indicates that electron correlation induces
a robust Mott insulator state in single-layer 1T-TaSe2 that is accompanied by
novel orbital texture. Inclusion of interlayer coupling weakens the insulating
phase in 1T-TaSe2, as seen by strong reduction of its energy gap and quenching
of its correlation-driven orbital texture in bilayer and trilayer 1T-TaSe2. Our
results establish single-layer 1T-TaSe2 as a useful new platform for
investigating strong correlation physics in two dimensions
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